Book Image

Python Data Analysis - Third Edition

By : Avinash Navlani, Ivan Idris
5 (1)
Book Image

Python Data Analysis - Third Edition

5 (1)
By: Avinash Navlani, Ivan Idris

Overview of this book

Data analysis enables you to generate value from small and big data by discovering new patterns and trends, and Python is one of the most popular tools for analyzing a wide variety of data. With this book, you’ll get up and running using Python for data analysis by exploring the different phases and methodologies used in data analysis and learning how to use modern libraries from the Python ecosystem to create efficient data pipelines. Starting with the essential statistical and data analysis fundamentals using Python, you’ll perform complex data analysis and modeling, data manipulation, data cleaning, and data visualization using easy-to-follow examples. You’ll then understand how to conduct time series analysis and signal processing using ARMA models. As you advance, you’ll get to grips with smart processing and data analytics using machine learning algorithms such as regression, classification, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and clustering. In the concluding chapters, you’ll work on real-world examples to analyze textual and image data using natural language processing (NLP) and image analytics techniques, respectively. Finally, the book will demonstrate parallel computing using Dask. By the end of this data analysis book, you’ll be equipped with the skills you need to prepare data for analysis and create meaningful data visualizations for forecasting values from data.
Table of Contents (20 chapters)
1
Section 1: Foundation for Data Analysis
6
Section 2: Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Cleaning
11
Section 3: Deep Dive into Machine Learning
15
Section 4: NLP, Image Analytics, and Parallel Computing

ARMA models

The ARMA model blends autoregression and moving averages. The ARMA model is commonly referred to as ARMA(p,q), where p is the order of the autoregressive part, and q is the order of the moving average:

In the preceding formula, just like in the autoregressive model formula, we have a constant and a white noise component; however, we try to fit the lagged noise components as well:

  1. Import the libraries and read the dataset:
# import needful libraries
import statsmodels.api as sm
from statsmodels.tsa.arima_model import ARMA
from sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from math import sqrt

# Read the dataset
data = sm.datasets.sunspots.load_pandas().data
data.drop('YEAR',axis=1,inplace=True)
  1. Split the Sunspot data into train and test sets:
# Split data into train and test set
train_ratio=0.8
train=data[:int(train_ratio*len(data))]
test=data[int(train_ratio...