Realizing Wireless Sensor Networks within Smart Spaces

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of small, low-powered devices equipped with sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication capabilities. They consist of tiny sensor nodes that can communicate with each other and exchange data. These devices are usually deployed in large numbers to monitor a myriad of physical or environmental conditions, such as humidity, air, and sound. Once information has been obtained from the environment, the nodes then send it to a base station, which in turn sends the data to a wired network or performs an action, depending on the thresholds that have been set.

These networks use air as their transmission medium as part of wireless transmission. Compared to traditional wired sensor networks, they offer many benefits, such as cost-effectiveness and flexibility in deployment. Furthermore, they can nearly replicate the performance of wired networks, particularly with standards such as IEEE...