Creational Design Patterns

A design pattern is a reusable solution to a recurring problem. The term is really broad in its definition and can span multiple domains of an application. However, the term is often associated with a well-known set of object-oriented patterns that were popularized in the 90s by the book, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Pearson Education, by the almost legendary Gang of Four (GoF): Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides. We will often refer to these specific sets of patterns as traditional design patterns or GoF design patterns.

Applying this set of object-oriented design patterns in JavaScript is not as linear and formal as it would be in a classical object-oriented language. As we know, JavaScript is object-oriented, prototype-based, and has dynamic typing. It also treats functions as first-class citizens and allows functional programming styles. These characteristics...