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Deep Reinforcement Learning Hands-On

You're reading from   Deep Reinforcement Learning Hands-On Apply modern RL methods to practical problems of chatbots, robotics, discrete optimization, web automation, and more

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Product type Paperback
Published in Jan 2020
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781838826994
Length 826 pages
Edition 2nd Edition
Languages
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Author (1):
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Maxim Lapan Maxim Lapan
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Maxim Lapan
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Table of Contents (28) Chapters Close

Preface 1. What Is Reinforcement Learning? 2. OpenAI Gym FREE CHAPTER 3. Deep Learning with PyTorch 4. The Cross-Entropy Method 5. Tabular Learning and the Bellman Equation 6. Deep Q-Networks 7. Higher-Level RL Libraries 8. DQN Extensions 9. Ways to Speed up RL 10. Stocks Trading Using RL 11. Policy Gradients – an Alternative 12. The Actor-Critic Method 13. Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic 14. Training Chatbots with RL 15. The TextWorld Environment 16. Web Navigation 17. Continuous Action Space 18. RL in Robotics 19. Trust Regions – PPO, TRPO, ACKTR, and SAC 20. Black-Box Optimization in RL 21. Advanced Exploration 22. Beyond Model-Free – Imagination 23. AlphaGo Zero 24. RL in Discrete Optimization 25. Multi-agent RL 26. Other Books You May Enjoy
27. Index

The computation graph in PyTorch

Our first examples won't be around speeding up the baseline, but will show one common, and not always obvious, situation that can cost you performance. In Chapter 3, Deep Learning with PyTorch, we discussed the way PyTorch calculates gradients: it builds the graph of all operations that you perform on tensors, and when you call the backward() method of the final loss, all gradients in the model parameters are automatically calculated.

This works well, but RL code is normally much more complex than traditional supervised learning models, so the RL model that we are currently training is also being applied to get the actions that the agent needs to perform in the environment. The target network discussed in Chapter 6 makes it even more tricky. So, in DQN, a neural network (NN) is normally used in three different situations:

  1. When we want to calculate Q-values predicted by the network to get the loss in respect to reference Q-values approximated...
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