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Software Architecture with C# 10 and .NET 6 – Third Edition
Software Architecture with C# 10 and .NET 6 – Third Edition

Software Architecture with C# 10 and .NET 6 – Third Edition: Develop software solutions using microservices, DevOps, EF Core, and design patterns for Azure , Third Edition

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Profile Icon Gabriel Baptista Profile Icon Francesco Abbruzzese
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Software Architecture with C# 10 and .NET 6 – Third Edition

Non-Functional Requirements

Once you have gathered the system requirements, it is time to think about the impact they have on the architectural design. Scalability, availability, resiliency, performance, multithreading, interoperability, security, and other aspects need to be analyzed so that we can meet user needs. We refer to these aspects as non-functional requirements.

The following topics will be covered in this chapter:

  • How do .NET 6 and Azure enable scalability, availability, and resiliency?
  • Performance issues that need to be considered when programming in C#
  • Software usability, that is, how to design effective user interfaces
  • .NET 6 and interoperability
  • Achieving security by design
  • Book use case – understanding the main types of .NET projects

The main purpose of discussing non-functional requirements here is that they are highly relevant to software architects: even though they are not so important to getting software...

Technical requirements

The samples provided in this chapter require Visual Studio 2022 Community Edition with .NET 6 SDK installed.

You can find the sample code for this chapter at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Software-Architecture-with-C-10-and-.NET-6-3E.

Enabling scalability, availability, and resiliency with Azure and .NET 6

A quick search online for a definition of “scalability” returns something along the lines of “the ability of a system to keep working well when there is an increase in demand.” When developers go by this definition, many of them incorrectly conclude that scalability only means adding more hardware to keep things working without stopping their apps.

Scalability relies on hardware solutions to some extent. However, as a software architect, you need to be aware that good software will keep scalability in a sustainable model, which means that well-architected software can save a lot of money. Hence, scalability is not just a matter of hardware but also a matter of overall software design. The point here is that the running costs of a system should also be a factor in architectural decisions.

In Chapter 1, Understanding the Importance of Software Architecture, while discussing software...

Performance issues that need to be considered when programming in C#

Nowadays, C# is one of the most used programming languages in the world, so awareness of C# programming best practices is fundamental for the design of good architectures that satisfy the most common non-functional requirements.

The following sections mention a few simple but effective tips – the associated code samples are available in the GitHub repository of this book. It is worth mentioning that .NET Foundation has developed a library dedicated to benchmarking, called BenchmarkDotNet. You may find it useful for your scenarios. Check it out at https://benchmarkdotnet.org/.

String concatenation

This is a classic one! A naive concatenation of strings with the + string operator may cause serious performance issues since every time two strings are concatenated, their contents are copied into a new string.

So, if we concatenate, for instance, 10 strings that have an average length of 100, the...

Usability – why inserting data takes too much time

Scalability, performance tips, and multithreading are the main tools we can use to tune machine performance. However, the effectiveness of the system you design depends on the overall performance of the whole processing pipeline, which includes both humans and machines.

As a software architect, you cannot improve the performance of humans, but you can improve the performance of man-machine interaction by designing an effective user interface (UI), that is, a UI that ensures fast interaction with humans, which, in turn, means the following:

  • The UI must be easy to learn to reduce the time that is needed for the target users to learn how to operate it. This constraint is fundamental if UI changes are frequent, and for public websites that need to attract the greatest possible number of users.
  • The UI must not cause any kind of slowdown in data insertion; data entry speed must be limited only by the user’...

The fantastic world of interoperability with .NET 6

.NET 6 brought Windows developers the ability to deliver their software to various platforms. And you, as a software architect, need to pay attention to this. Linux and macOS are no longer a problem for a C# lover – it is much better than that – they are great opportunities to deliver to new customers. Therefore, we need to ensure performance and multi-platform support, two common non-functional requirements for many systems.

Both console applications and web apps designed with .NET 6 in Windows are almost completely compatible with Linux and macOS, too. This means you do not have to build the app again to run it on these platforms. Also, very platform-specific behaviors now have multi-platform support, as shown, for instance, by the System.IO.Ports.SerialPort class, which, starting from .NET Core 3.0, is on Linux.

Microsoft offers scripts to help you install .NET on Linux and macOS. You can find them at https...

Achieving security by design

As we have seen up to this point in the book, the opportunities and techniques we have for developing software are incredible. If you add all the information you will read about in relation to cloud computing in the next chapters, you will see that the opportunities just increase, as does the complexity involved in maintaining this computing environment.

As a software architect, you must understand that these opportunities come with many responsibilities. The world has changed a lot in recent years. The second decade of the 21st century has required lots of technology. Apps, social media, Industry 4.0, big data, and artificial intelligence are no longer future objectives but current projects that you will lead and deal with in your daily routine.

Considering this scenario, security must have a different approach. The world now regulates companies that manage personal data. For instance, the GDPR – the General Data Protection Regulation ...

Book use case – understanding the main types of .NET projects

The development of this book’s use case will be based on various kinds of .NET Core Visual Studio projects. This section describes all of them. Let us select New project in the Visual Studio File menu.

For instance, you can filter .NET Core project types by typing it in the search engine, as follows:

D:\Neha\OFFICE\CME\PEN\Epub to Word sty\B16756_EPUB\B16756_EPUB\OEBPS\Images\B16756_02_19.png

Figure 2.24: Searching types of .NET Core projects in Visual Studio

There, you will find common C# projects (console, a class library, Windows Form, WPF), and various types of test projects, each based on a different test framework: xUnit, NUnit, and MSTest. Choosing among the various testing frameworks is just a matter of preference since they all offer comparable features. Adding tests to each piece of software that composes a solution is a common practice and allows software to be modified frequently without jeopardizing its reliability.

You may also want to define your class library projects...

Summary

Functional requirements that describe system behavior must be completed with non-functional requirements that constrain system performance, scalability, availability, resilience, interoperability, usability, and security.

Performance requirements come from response time and system load requirements. As a software architect, you should ensure you have the required performance at the minimum cost, building efficient algorithms and taking full advantage of the available hardware resources with multithreading.

Scalability is the ability of a system to be adapted to an increasing load. Systems can be scaled vertically by providing more powerful hardware, or horizontally by replicating and load balancing the same hardware, which increases the availability. The cloud, in general, and Azure can help us implement strategies dynamically, with no need to stop your application.

Tools such as .NET 6 that run on several platforms can ensure interoperability, that is, the capability...

Questions

  1. What are the two conceptual ways to scale a system?
  2. Can you deploy your web app automatically from Visual Studio to Azure?
  3. What is multithreading useful for?
  4. What are the main advantages of the asynchronous pattern over other multithreading techniques?
  5. Why is the order of input fields so important?
  6. Why is the Path class so important for interoperability?
  7. What is the advantage of a .NET standard class library?
  8. List the various types of .NET Visual Studio projects.
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Key benefits

  • Gain comprehensive software architecture knowledge and the skillset to create fully modular apps
  • Solve scalability problems in web apps using enterprise architecture patterns
  • Master new developments in front-end architecture and the application of AI for software architects

Description

Software architecture is the practice of implementing structures and systems that streamline the software development process and improve the quality of an app. This fully revised and expanded third edition, featuring the latest features of .NET 6 and C# 10, enables you to acquire the key skills, knowledge, and best practices required to become an effective software architect. Software Architecture with C# 10 and .NET 6, Third Edition features new chapters that describe the importance of the software architect, microservices with ASP.NET Core, and analyzing the architectural aspects of the front-end in the applications, including the new approach of .NET MAUI. It also includes a new chapter focused on providing a short introduction to artificial intelligence and machine learning using ML.NET, and updated chapters on Azure Kubernetes Service, EF Core, and Blazor. You will begin by understanding how to transform user requirements into architectural needs and exploring the differences between functional and non-functional requirements. Next, you will explore how to choose a cloud solution for your infrastructure, taking into account the factors that will help you manage a cloud-based app successfully. Finally, you will analyze and implement software design patterns that will allow you to solve common development problems. By the end of this book, you will be able to build and deliver highly scalable enterprise-ready apps that meet your business requirements.

Who is this book for?

This book is for engineers and senior software developers aspiring to become architects or looking to build enterprise applications with the .NET Stack. Basic familiarity with C# and .NET is required to get the most out of this book.

What you will learn

  • Use proven techniques to overcome real-world architectural challenges
  • Apply architectural approaches such as layered architecture
  • Leverage tools such as containers to manage microservices effectively
  • Get up to speed with Azure features for delivering global solutions
  • Program and maintain Azure Functions using C# 10
  • Understand when it is best to use test-driven development (TDD)
  • Implement microservices with ASP.NET Core in modern architectures
  • Enrich your application with Artificial Intelligence
  • Get the best of DevOps principles to enable CI/CD environments
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Table of Contents

26 Chapters
Understanding the Importance of Software Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Non-Functional Requirements Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Documenting Requirements with Azure DevOps Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deciding on the Best Cloud-Based Solution Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Applying a Microservice Architecture to Your Enterprise Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Azure Kubernetes Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Data in C# – Entity Framework Core Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
How to Choose Your Data Storage in the Cloud Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with Azure Functions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Design Patterns and .NET 6 Implementation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding the Different Domains in Software Solutions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Implementing Code Reusability in C# 10 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Applying Service-Oriented Architectures with .NET Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Implementing Microservices with .NET Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Presenting ASP.NET Core MVC Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Implementing Frontend Microservices with ASP.NET Core Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Blazor WebAssembly Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Native versus Web Clients Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Best Practices in Coding C# 10 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding DevOps Principles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Challenges of Applying CI & CD Scenarios Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Testing Your Enterprise Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Answers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Daniel fisher Apr 04, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
First thing first! This book is not for beginners, this is an intermediate level book. It’s for someone who has been coding with C#/.net for a while and wants to up their game!The first part of the book goes over in clear terms the basics and methodology of a software architect. As you advance along you get more and more detailed and technical. Which for this type of book is really good.I would recommend this book to any of my coworkers if they needed assistance. It makes a good reference as well!
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Jesse Liberty Mar 15, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is a big book, but looking at the table of contents, you'd have to wonder how the author squeezes so much into even this big a book. And the answer is that he provides a top level understanding of the issues but does not dive deep into each.So much depends on what you are looking for. If you are, for example, looking for a book that will teach you C# 10, or Entity Framework or etc. then this is not the book for you; you need a dedicated text.On the other hand, if you are looking to understand what all the parts of .NET are, and how they interact and work together, and how you can build solid professional programs with them, then this book is perfect. Further, no matter how much you already know, I'd wager you'll learn some new things here.I have spent some time with this book, and will spend more. There are nooks and crannies of .NET that I'm interested in learning about... and keeping up with everything can be a full time job without books like this.Please note that I received a review copy.
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Peter L. Carroll May 19, 2023
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It is clear and concise and easy to follow
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Sarbjit Singh Hanjra Apr 12, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is a great resource I found in recent years on ".NET". This book falls into wide-raging books, which cover the overall context of .NET. It started with Software Architecture and touch almost every single bit, of project management, Azure DevOps, Microservices, Kubernetes, Entity Framework, Design pattern, best practices, Blazer WebAssembly, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning.I personally like such books which showcase the full power of technology and display everything to reader. As there is always scope for improvement so I can say it's better if Chapter 19 onwards can have room before AI/ML chapter. But that's not an issue for experienced professionals.Every single chapter is full of information and knowledge so don't skip anything if you're looking to explore the full potential of .NET to develop enterprise applications.
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Alexandre Carvalho Jun 28, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
It’s a really good book. Definitely worth it.
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