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Mastering Puppet Second Edition
Mastering Puppet Second Edition

Mastering Puppet Second Edition: Master Puppet for configuration management of your systems in an enterprise deployment , Second Edition

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Mastering Puppet Second Edition

Chapter 2. Organizing Your Nodes and Data

Now that we can deal with a large number of nodes in our installation, we need a way to organize the classes we apply to each node.

There are a few solutions to the problem of attaching classes to nodes. In this chapter, we will examine the following node organization methods:

  • An external node classifier (ENC)
  • LDAP backend
  • Hiera

Getting started

For the remainder of this chapter, we will assume that your Puppet infrastructure is configured with a single Puppet master running puppetserver. We will name this server puppet and give it the IP address 192.168.1.1. Any Puppet master configuration will be sufficient for this chapter; the configuration from the previous chapter was used in the examples of this chapter.

Organizing the nodes with an ENC

An ENC is a process that is run on the Puppet master or the host compiling the catalog, to determine which classes are applied to the node. The most common form of ENC is a script run through the exec node terminus. When using the exec node terminus, the script can be written in any language and it receives certname (certificate name) from the node, as a command-line argument. In most cases, this will be the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) of the node. We will assume that the certname setting has not been explicitly set and that the FQDN of our nodes is being used.

We will only use the hostname portion, as the FQDN can be unreliable in some instances. Across your enterprise, the naming convention of the host should not allow multiple machines to have the same hostname. The FQDN is determined by a fact; this fact is the union of the hostname fact and the domain fact. The domain fact on Linux is determined by running the hostname –f command. If...

Hiera

Hiera allows you to create a hierarchy of node information. Using Hiera, you can separate your variables and data from your modules. You start by defining what that hierarchy will be, by ordering lookups in the main configuration file, hiera.yaml. The hierarchy is based on facts. Any fact can be used, even your own custom facts may be used. The values of the facts are then used as values for the YAML files stored in a directory, usually called hieradata. More information on Hiera can be found on the Puppet Labs website at http://docs.puppetlabs.com/hiera/latest.

Tip

Facts are case sensitive in Hiera and templates. This could be important when writing your hiera.yaml script.

Configuring Hiera

Hiera only needs to be installed on your Puppet master nodes. Using the Puppet Labs repo, Hiera is installed by the puppet-agent package. Our installation pulled down puppet-agent-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64, which installs Hiera version 3.0.1, as shown here:

[thomas@stand ~]$ hiera --version
3.0.1

Previous...

Summary

The classes that are applied to nodes should be as automatic as possible. Using a hostname convention and an ENC script, it is possible to have classes applied to nodes without any node-level configuration.

Using LDAP as a backend for class information may be a viable alternative at your enterprise. The LDAP schema included with Puppet can be successfully applied to an OpenLDAP instance or integrated into your existing LDAP infrastructure.

Hiera is a powerful tool to separate data from your module definitions. By utilizing a hierarchy of facts, it is possible to dynamically apply classes to nodes based on their facts.

The important concept in the enterprise is to minimize the customization required in the modules and push that customization up into the node declaration, to separate the code required to deploy your nodes from the specific data, through either LDAP, a custom ENC, or clever use of Hiera. If starting from scratch, Hiera is the most powerful and flexible solution to this...

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Key benefits

  • This book is an advanced guide to using and deploying Puppet 4 in your organization with a special focus on issues faced in larger enterprise deployments
  • From an experienced author, learn to deal with scaling, performance, and multiple developers with the help of real-world examples
  • This is the most up-to-date guide on Puppet, and covers the advanced concepts of Puppet 4

Description

Puppet is a configuration management system and a language. It was written for and by system administrators to manage large numbers of systems efficiently and prevent configuration drifts. Mastering Puppet deals with the issues faced when scaling out Puppet to handle large numbers of nodes. It will show you how to fit Puppet into your enterprise and allow many developers to work on your Puppet code simultaneously. In addition, you will learn to write custom facts and roll your own modules to solve problems. Next, popular options for performing reporting and orchestration tasks will be introduced in this book. Moving over to troubleshooting techniques, which will be very useful. The concepts presented are useful to any size organization. By the end of the book, you will know how to deal with problems of scale and exceptions in your code, automate workflows, and support multiple developers working simultaneously.

Who is this book for?

This book is for those who have intermediate knowledge of Puppet and are looking to deploy it in their environment. Some idea how to write simple modules for configuration management with Puppet is a prerequisite for this book.

What you will learn

  • Scale out your Puppet infrastructure using proxying techniques
  • Automate your code promotion workflow using Git and r10k
  • Solve real-world problems using public modules from the Puppet Forge
  • Use Hiera to separate the data of your configuration from the code of your configuration
  • Write your own custom facts in Ruby
  • Extend Puppet with your own custom facts, modules, and types
  • Use exported resources to orchestrate change between machines
  • Debug a puppetserver using Java techniques
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Publication date : Feb 25, 2016
Length: 276 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785888106
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785888106
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Puppet
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
1. Dealing with Load/Scale Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Organizing Your Nodes and Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Git and Environments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Public Modules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Custom Facts and Modules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Custom Types Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Reporting and Orchestration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Exported Resources Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Roles and Profiles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Troubleshooting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
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1 star 0%
Josh Miller Apr 16, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Mastering Puppet - Second Edition was a book that I looked forward to reading. After finishing this book, it is clear that Thomas Uphill is not only experienced but a highly skilled professional in this field . Reading this book reminded me of 15 years ago when I began my IT career as a budding system administrator and I would read through the shell history of more experienced professionals to gain valuable insight and powerful command knowledge.I enjoyed the flow of topics that began with chapter 1 on load and scale through chapter 10 on debugging and troubleshooting. While I was, at first, uncertain as to why load and scale were the first topic, it later made sense as making those decisions early on would have a huge impact on deployment considerations later on. This is, after all, "Mastering Puppet", not an introductory book. The book continues through node organization, (roles and profiles come later on), source control, modules, and custom facts, modules, and types, with reporting thrown in on chapter 7.There was some confusion, on my part, in chapter 5 when Thomas presented the reader with an error and failed to explain it before starting the next section which then covered how to resolve the error. My expectation was that it would be resolved before moving on but it worked out in the end (duplicate package declaration).I appreciated the inclusion of SELinux, filesystem ACLs, and security as integral topics as the role of the security professional should, in my opinion, be upon all of us professionals and not an isolated profession.While I can easily recommend this book, I must admit some reservations. I feel that for a book that might cost $30-50 to purchase, the quality of the formatting and review should have been better, especially for a second edition book. There are blank pages between some chapters and not others, there are capitalization errors, missing spaces, screen shots on some output, text output on others, in a somewhat inconsistent manner. There are also some screen shots in the LVM section that completely omit the relevant portion of the screen shot (/dev/sdb). (I am reviewing the ebook formatted version.)Thomas, thank you for the good read. I look forward to seeing the formatting issues addressed in a future version.
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