OOP and how classes and objects work

OOP refers to a software programming approach that uses objects defined as classes. These definitions include fields, sometimes called attributes, to store data and methods in order to provide functionality. The first OOP language was a simulation of real systems known as Simula (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) and was developed at the Norwegian Computing Center in 1960. The first pure OOP language came into existence in 1970 as the Smalltalk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) language. This language was designed to program the Dynabook (http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Personal/Dynabook.html), which is a personal computer created by Alan Kay. Several OOP languages evolved from there, with the most popular being Java, C++, Python, and C#.

OOP is based on objects that contain data. The OOP paradigm allows developers to...