13.6 Summary

This chapter introduced two quantum alternatives to classical machine learning methods: quantum neural networks and kernels. We also looked at several ways to represent classical data in quantum states.

Throughout the discussions, we returned to the same question several times: Can we show that quantum machine learning offers a significant quantum advantage compared to classical methods? The answer is a definite “maybe … one day … possibly”! In any case, “not yet” is the consensus at the time of writing. I encourage you to track the progress of quantum machine learning as quantum computers increase in size, performance, and quality. To avoid the hype, you should keep an open mind but always ask yourself honest questions about what you are trying to accomplish with what tools. 232