When we talk about mathematics as related to deep learning and AI, we're often talking about linear algebra. Linear algebra is a branch of continuous mathematics that involves the study of vector space and operations performed in vector space. If you remember back to grade-school algebra, algebra in general deals with unknown variables. With linear algebra, we're extending this study into linear systems that have an arbitrary number of dimensions, which is what makes this a form of continuous mathematics.
AI relies on the basic building block of the tensor. Within AI, these mathematical objects store information throughout ANNs that allow them to operate; they are data structures that are utilized throughout AI. As we will see, a tensor has a rank, which essentially tells us about the indices of the data (how many rows and columns the data has).
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