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Learn SwiftUI
Learn SwiftUI

Learn SwiftUI: An introductory guide to creating intuitive cross-platform user interfaces using Swift 5

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Learn SwiftUI

Understanding Declarative Syntax

In this chapter, you'll learn about the core fundamentals of the declarative syntax. You'll be able to identify and understand the theory behind it and the part it plays in SwiftUI development. We'll look specifically at how the syntax is written and how easily it can be intercepted and edited in a live debugging environment, all within Xcode. We'll finish off by going deeper into the structure of the syntax and understand how it all binds together. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to fully understand what advantages are on offer, along with how to comfortably write a basic UI using declarative syntax.

Without declarative syntax, there would be no SwiftUI, or it would simply be another UIKit forcing users to learn a new framework with the same base language. Due to this, it is important to learn the fundamentals...

Technical requirements

For this chapter, you'll need to download Xcode version 11.3 or above from the Apple Mac App Store. You'll also need to be running the latest version of macOS (Catalina or above). Simply follow these steps:

  1. Search for Xcode in the App Store and select and download the latest version.
  2. Launch Xcode and follow any additional installation instructions that your system may prompt you for.
  3. Once Xcode has been fully launched, you're ready to go!

What is declarative syntax?

In this section, you'll learn what declarative syntax is and what immediate benefit it offers for writing clean code. You'll also learn about its counterpart imperative syntax in order to gain understanding from both paradigms.

The declarative syntax is a programming paradigm that allows you to write code in a more formal and procedural way. In essence, the declarative syntax is a way of describing the code you want to write, without having to worry about how it's going to be implemented.

The following is an example of declarative syntax if it was said in spoken language:

“I would like a cup of tea, please"

This is more of a statement than written logic as we are asking for something rather than being concerned about how we are going to get it.

Let's take our first look at SwitUI syntax. Here, we have created a Text Label...

Visualizing declarative syntax

As we mentioned in the previous chapter, declarative syntax is used by many languages. A relatively recent framework, Google's Flutter, took on the declarative syntax approach and the wider developer community was immediately hooked. With this, it was only a matter of time before other frameworks started to follow.

At the time of writing this book, Google has just announced Jetpack Compose for Android, which itself adopts the same approach to UI development.

Now, let's take our first steps into programming with SwiftUI. We'll start by getting to grips with Xcode, learn the basics of how to create a new project, and start to write our very first SwiftUI code!

Getting started with SwiftUI in Xcode

...

Nesting and decoration

Just from the examples in the previous section, you've seen the immediate benefit of not only SwiftUI but how it uses the declarative syntax to create Views and add them to your application.

In this section, we are going to dive a little deeper down the rabbit hole and look at how declarative syntax makes use of modifiers to decorate our Views and how to best handle adding multiple Views inside each other without getting into too much trouble.

Modifiers

Modifiers in SwiftUI are a simple yet effective way of rendering custom interactions and decoration. Let's take our previous example, add some basic modifiers, and see what we get:

struct ContentView: View {
var body: some View {
...

Imperative syntax

Imperative syntax is the more common form of programming that's used as it's much more functional and requires the programmer to write code that will tell the compiler how we are going to achieve the goal, rather than ask politely. The following is an example of imperative syntax:

“I would like some boiled water, a teabag, milk, and sugar. Allow the tea to brew for n minutes then add n teaspoons of sugar and n amount of milk…… oh and remove the teabag."

Even with the preceding example, we could dig even deeper and say "I need some water, then boil the water" or "type or brand of sugar".

Let's take a look at the following Swift code. This is a typical class you may see when writing a standard Swift app. Take a closer look at the makeBrew() function and how each step is coded so that the compiler knows...

Summary

In this chapter, we learned how declarative syntax allows the developer to write syntax in a way that describes the actions and functions required and how its counterpart, imperative programming, is more logic-based.

We learned about the structure of declarative syntax and how understanding the view hierarchy is important to us, especially as every component on the screen is of the View type.

We also got to use SwiftUI for the first time in Xcode and took our first glance at the structure and arrangement that the declarative syntax has to offer, including nesting Views, and the importance of Group containers to arrange our subviews.

In the next chapter, we'll move onto the layout of SwiftUI and understand the structure of not just our code, but the architecture of our code base.

Questions

  1. Describe declarative syntax.
  2. What other syntax paradigms can we use?
  3. What do modifiers do?
  4. What visual effects do Groups have on our UI?
  5. When are we forced to use Groups in SwiftUI?
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Key benefits

  • Use SwiftUI for building dynamic apps for Apple devices from scratch
  • Understand declarative syntax in cross-platform development and how states work within SwiftUI
  • Learn to develop watchOS apps by reusing SwiftUI code

Description

SwiftUI is the new and powerful interface toolkit that lets you design and build iOS, iPadOS, and macOS apps using declarative syntax. It is a powerful way to develop the UI elements of applications, which would normally be tightly coupled to application logic. Learn SwiftUI will get you up to speed with the framework and cross-device UI development in no time. Complete with detailed explanations and practical examples, this easy-to-follow guide will teach you the fundamentals of the SwiftUI toolkit. You'll learn how to build a powerful iOS and iPadOS application that can be reused for deployment on watchOS. As you progress, you'll delve into UI and unit testing in iOS apps, along with learning how to test your SwiftUI code for multiple devices. The book will also show you how to integrate SwiftUI features such as data binding and network requests into your current application logic. By the end of this book, you will have learned how to build a cross-device application using the SwiftUI framework and Swift programming.

Who is this book for?

This SwiftUI book helps any mobile app developer looking to understand the fundamentals of the new SwiftUI framework along with the benefits of cross-device development. A solid understanding of iOS and macOS app development, along with some knowledge of the Swift programming language, will be beneficial. Basic programming knowledge is essential to grasp the concepts covered in the book effectively.

What you will learn

  • Explore the fundamentals of SwiftUI and compare it with existing UI frameworks
  • Write SwiftUI syntax and understand what should and shouldn t be included in SwiftUI s layer
  • Add text and images to a SwiftUI view and decorate them using SwiftUI s modifiers
  • Create basic forms, and use camera and photo library functions to add images to them
  • Understand the core concepts of Maps in iOS apps and add a MapView in SwiftUI
  • Design extensions within your existing apps to run them on watchOS
  • Handle networking calls in SwiftUI to retrieve data from external sources
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Publication date : Apr 03, 2020
Length: 316 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781839215421
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Table of Contents

16 Chapters
Getting Started with SwiftUI Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Declarative Syntax Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Layout and Structure Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creating Your First Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Controls, Views, and Lists Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with Navigation in SwiftUI Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creating a Form with States and Data Binding Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Networking and Linking to Your Existing App Logic Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Maps and Location Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Updating for iPad with NavigationViewStyle Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
SwiftUI on watchOS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
SwiftUI versus UIKit Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Basic Animation in Views Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Animations in Transitions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Testing in SwiftUI Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.6
(5 Ratings)
5 star 20%
4 star 0%
3 star 20%
2 star 40%
1 star 20%
Brady Murphy Aug 20, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Before I get into my review, I want to state that I was asked to read this book and give a 100% genuine review of the content within it. With that being said, I promise to be genuine and give you my honest feedback on the pedagogy and content of the material. I will state that I taught SwiftUI development at a very large university, so I have firsthand seen what does and doesn't work.PLEASE NOTE: This book goes over SwiftUI 1.0. Since the release of 2.0, there is a few teachings in this book that are outdated, but I believe at its core, the content is timeless.What I like:This book contains fantastic breadth to it and focuses on topics, like MVVM, that really need to be honed in early on as a developer get's into using SwiftUI. They cover everything from using maps, creating forms, using animations, etc. All of the essential "atoms" that are needed to create a decently complex iOS application are discussed in this book. I also really liked that they started off by having developers create a view in interface builder, which drives the elegance and beauty that SwiftUI presents to developers once they realize that they can create 10x the amount of work in nearly the same amount of code or less.I also think they do a great job with examples. I believe examples are the core of any teaching program and they must be efficient for the student to be able to get the example running fast and allow them to mess around to see how different code pieces affect the UI. In my opinion, they do exactly that. They provide code that can be copied and pasted fairly easily and then provide screenshots displaying the UI of how it should look on your screen.Lastly, I really appreciate that they encourage developers to start reading apples' documentation, and also provide outside resources for further reading in cases the reader would like to learn more depth about a specific chapter. Being able to read apples' documentation is vital for any developer, and they do a very good job of ingraining students to go look at protocols and types directly at the source before going to google or stack overflow.Things I maybe didn't like:I really didn't like that there wasn't a "challenge" at the end of chapters. For instance, some mini projects or assignments to test what you learned during that chapter. I think this is the one big missing piece of this book in my opinion. They do offer end of the chapter questions, but I believe small assignments where developers can test what they REALLY know and put their knowledge to practical use would be great.The second thing that I wish was more pertinent early on in the book, although I could just be a picky developer, is testing. It's the very last chapter in the book and I believe it needs to be talked about right after the MVVM architecture is introduced. Writing testable code with protocols and dependency injection is essential to writing clean and testable SwiftUI code. Sadly, most readers will look over this section since it's the last in the book and will not create a solid foundation early on.Overall:I would recommend buying this book and pairing it with a side project that you have in mind. This will allow you to add functionality to the project and really test what you know as you're learning it. I think they do a phenomenal job explaining the information, but also don't hold your hand too much. Congrats on the awesome book!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
HELLO Sep 15, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
When I got to the end of chapter four I was very excited about the rest of the book. So far the explanations have been clear and all of the steps needed were included by the author. However, things started getting wonky with chapter 5. At first I thought it was my own errors, but it became clear there are some deficiencies in the later chapters. I've made it to chapter nine of fifteen and it has continued to be problematic. Steps are left out, code samples get repeated for no reason. This has devolved into frequent references to the coded "solutions", which just leads me to skip to the end of the chapter. At chapter four I would have rated this books as a five, but as I continue I can only rate it as average. UPDATE, by chapter 9 there were so many errors that it was pointless to follow the instructions and I gave up. Rating from 3 to 1. Again, started great, then it seems the author or editor ran out of energy to proof the book for errors. My advice, download the source coder from the publisher website and review that, the book mostly gets in the way.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Michael1260 May 25, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
Bof, un livre bourré d'erreurs de typos, des passages laissés sous silence. Je ne recommande pas ce livre.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
B. Shepard Aug 26, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
Full of typos and errors, it is also geared toward more knowledgeable Swift coders.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Oct 03, 2022
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
Book started off with a great deal of potential, getting a few chapters in, the errors, mainly relating to the descriptive text being unrelated to the sample code with respect to object and variable names became increasingly apparent. I would like to see an update to this book with these issues addressed as it has the potential to be very good but should have been properly proof read before publication.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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