You're reading from Modern Computer Architecture and Organization Learn x86, ARM, and RISC-V architectures and the design of smartphones, PCs, and cloud servers

Product type Paperback

Published in Apr 2020

Publisher Packt

ISBN-13 9781838984397

Length 560 pages

Edition 1st Edition

Tools

FPGA

Concepts

Computer Architecture

Author (1):

Jim Ledin

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Table of Contents (20) Chapters

Preface

1. Section 1: Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

2. Chapter 1: Introducing Computer Architecture FREE CHAPTER

3. Chapter 2: Digital Logic

4. Chapter 3: Processor Elements

5. Chapter 4: Computer System Components

6. Chapter 5: Hardware-Software Interface

7. Chapter 6: Specialized Computing Domains

8. Section 2: Processor Architectures and Instruction Sets

9. Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Architectures

10. Chapter 8: Performance-Enhancing Techniques

11. Chapter 9: Specialized Processor Extensions

12. Chapter 10: Modern Processor Architectures and Instruction Sets

13. Chapter 11: The RISC-V Architecture and Instruction Set

14. Section 3: Applications of Computer Architecture

15. Chapter 12: Processor Virtualization

16. Chapter 13: Domain-Specific Computer Architectures

17. Chapter 14: Future Directions in Computer Architectures

18. Answers to Exercises

19. Other Books You May Enjoy

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Paged virtual memory

In 32-bit Windows NT on Intel processors, memory pages are 4 KB in size. This implies that addressing a location within a particular page requires 12 address bits (212=4096). The remaining 20 bits of a 32-bit virtual address are used in the virtual-to-physical translation process.

In Windows NT, all memory addresses in a program (both in the source code and in compiled executable code) are virtual addresses. They are not associated with physical addresses until the program runs under the control of the memory management unit.

A contiguous 4 KB section of Windows NT physical memory is called a page frame. The page frame is the smallest unit of memory managed by the Windows virtual memory system. Each page frame starts on a 4 KB boundary, meaning the lower 12 address bits are all zero at the base of any page frame. The system tracks information related to page frames in page tables.

A Windows NT page table is sized to occupy a single 4 KB page. Each 4-byte...