Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "You can also retrieve additional information on the objects stored in your environment using the str() function."

A block of code is set as follows:

> integer_vector <- c(1L, 2L, 12L, 29L)
> integer_vector
[1]  1  2 12 29

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "To install R on Windows, click on Download R for Windows, and then click on base for the download link and installation instructions."

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.