Working with phases

In this section, we will discuss how information is stored in qubits in the measurement axis or the z-axis, also called the Computational basis, and the phase angle, which we will refer to as the Fourier basis. It is possible to store information in the phase angle of the qubits and then translate it into the measurement basis. In the next section, we will learn how to think about numbers and their representation in the phase angle of a qubit.

Let’s start with the a variable, which represents a binary number. In our example, we will use a 5-bit number – that is, a=11111. To represent this binary number, we need a register of 5 bits. We can convert this number back into decimal by using the following equation:

This will result in the following equation:

In terms of our example, where we are using a=11111, we will get the following equation:

Here, you can see that a4...