Chapter 2: Understanding the Industrial Process and Devices

1. The actuator
2. A device is defined as an independent physical entity able to implement one or more functionalities
3. An event is an occurrence of a specific condition, such as the reaching of a definite temperature
4. A process characterized by processing cycles based on single parts or individual units of a product
5. There are six levels in the canonical CIM pyramid representation
6. SCADA applications are at the third level of the canonical CIM pyramid representation
7. Between 100 and 500 milliseconds
8. Through OPC, the PLC/DCS can expose tags, time-series, alarms, events and SOEs to any system implementing the OPC interfaces
9. Store and forward is a mechanism to guarantee data transfer along the communication channel in case of poor, intermittent, or overloaded connectivity