There are two major families of operating systems in general usage. Unix-like systems include Linux, which is used extensively in servers. Windows systems also have servers, although they are mainly used as end-user devices. There are several areas in which Linux and Windows systems are similar, for example, support for UEFI and the older-style BIOS. The differences come from the preference for NTFS (Windows) or Ext4 (Linux) filesystems, which have different approaches to metadata and journaling.
At the operating system level, the way that virtual memory is allocated and used varies. In Linux, a separate partition, or a pre-designated file called swap, is used. In Windows, there is some reserved space that's used by VirtualAlloc; otherwise, free disk space is allocated as required using HeapAlloc.
Access to files is managed both by the filesystem and the operating...
