The xts class

The eXtensible time series, xts package is an extension of the zoo package. It provides the xts class and a set of functions and tools for preprocessing, manipulating, and visualizing time series data. The xts class is a zoo object with additional attributes. Therefore, by default, any xts object carries zoo class attributes, and any of the zoo functions can be applied to the xts object. In the following examples, we will use the Michigan_CS series, which is an xts object that represents the famous consumer sentiment index of the University of Michigan since 1980. This series is available on the TSstudio package. We will start by loading the series and will review its main characteristics:

data(Michigan_CS)
 
ts_info(Michigan_CS)
##  The Michigan_CS series is a xts object with 1 variable and 468 observations
##  Frequency: monthly 
##  Start time: Jan 1980 
##  End time...