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Learning OpenStack Networking (Neutron), Second Edition
Learning OpenStack Networking (Neutron), Second Edition

Learning OpenStack Networking (Neutron), Second Edition: Wield the power of OpenStack Neutron networking to bring network infrastructure and capabilities to your cloud

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Learning OpenStack Networking (Neutron), Second Edition

Chapter 2. Installing OpenStack

Installing, configuring, and maintaining OpenStack clouds can be an arduous task when performed by hand. Many third-party vendors offer downloadable cloud software based on OpenStack that provide deployment and management strategies using Chef, Puppet, Fuel, Ansible, and other tools.

This chapter will step you through a package-based installation of the following OpenStack components on the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS operating system:

  • OpenStack Identity (Keystone)
  • OpenStack Image Service (Glance)
  • OpenStack Compute (Nova)
  • OpenStack Block Storage (Cinder)
  • OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon)

Note

The installation process documented within this chapter is based on the OpenStack Installation Guide for Ubuntu 14.04 found at http://docs.openstack.org/. If you wish to install OpenStack on a different operating system, the guides available at that site provide instructions to do so.

If you'd rather download a third-party cloud distribution based on OpenStack, try one of the...

System requirements

OpenStack components are intended to run on standard hardware that range from desktop machines to enterprise-grade servers. For optimal performance, the processors of the compute nodes must support hardware virtualization technologies, such as Intel's VT-x or AMD's AMD-v virtualization extensions.

This book assumes that OpenStack will be installed on physical hardware that meets the following minimum requirements:

Server

Hardware Requirements

Notes

Controller node (runs API, network, volume, scheduler, and image services)

  • Processor: 64-bit x86
  • Memory: 8 GB RAM
  • Disk space: 64 GB
  • Network: Three 1 Gbps Network Interface Cards (NICs)

While a single NIC can be used for all network traffic, that configuration is not addressed in this book

Compute nodes (run virtual instances)

  • Processor: 64-bit x86
  • Memory: 8 GB RAM
  • Disk Space: 64 GB
  • Network: Three 1 Gbps Network Interface Cards (NICs)

While a single NIC can be used for all network traffic, that configuration is...

Initial network configuration

To understand how networking should initially be configured on each host, refer to the following diagram:

Initial network configuration

Figure 2.1

In the preceding diagram, three interfaces are cabled to each host. The eth0 interface will serve as the management interface for OpenStack services and API access. The eth1 interface will be used for overlay network traffic between hosts. On the controller node, eth2 will be used for external network traffic to instances through Neutron routers. If VLAN tenant networks are used in lieu of overlay networks such as VXLAN and GRE, then eth2 will be configured on the compute nodes to support those networks.

At a minimum, the management interface should be configured with an IP address that has outbound access to the Internet. Internet access is required to download OpenStack packages from the Ubuntu package repository. Inbound access to the management address of the servers from a trusted network via SSH (TCP port 22) is recommended.

Example networks...

Initial steps

Before we can install OpenStack, some work must be done to prepare the system for a successful installation.

Updating the system

Before packages can be downloaded, run the following apt-get command to update package lists on all hosts:

# apt-get update

Permissions

OpenStack services can be installed either as root or as a user with sudo permissions. The latter may require that the user be added to the sudoers file on each host. For tips on configuring sudoers, visit https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo.

Note

For this installation, all commands should be run as root, unless specified otherwise.

Configuring the OpenStack repository

Installation of OpenStack on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS uses packages from the Ubuntu Cloud Archive repository when installing versions of OpenStack that are newer than what the operating system shipped with. To enable the Cloud Archive repository, download and install the Ubuntu-cloud-keyring package on all hosts:

# apt-get install ubuntu-cloud-keyring

Once installed...

Installing OpenStack

The steps in this section document the installation of OpenStack services, including Keystone, Glance, Nova Compute, and Horizon on a single controller and two compute nodes. Neutron, the OpenStack Networking service, will be installed in the next chapter.

Installing and configuring the MySQL database server

On the controller node, use apt-get to install the MySQL database service and related Python packages:

# apt-get install mariadb-server python-mysqldb

If prompted, set the password to openstack.

Note

Insecure passwords are used throughout the book to simplify the configuration and demonstration of concepts and are not recommended for production environments. Visit http://www.strongpasswordgenerator.org to generate strong passwords for your environment.

Once installed, set the IP address that MySQL will bind to by editing the /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqld_openstack.cnf configuration file and adding the bind-address definition. Doing so will allow connectivity to MySQL from...

Summary

At this point in the installation, the OpenStack Identity, Image, Dashboard, and Compute services have been successfully deployed across the nodes of the cloud. The environment is not ready to host instances just yet, as OpenStack Networking services have not been installed or configured. If issues arise during the installation and test procedures documented throughout this chapter, be sure to check the log messages found in /var/log/nova/, /var/log/glance/, /var/log/apache2/, and /var/log/keystone/ for assistance in troubleshooting.

It is important to note that the frequent OpenStack release cycle means that older releases may no longer be available for download 12–18 months after their initial release. For updated installation guides for the latest version of OpenStack, visit http://docs.openstack.org.

In the next chapter, we will begin the installation of Neutron networking services and discover additional information about the internal architecture of OpenStack Networking...

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Key benefits

  • • This completely up-to-date edition will show you how to deploy a cloud on OpenStack using community-driven processes. It includes rich examples that will help you understand complex networking topics with ease.
  • • Understand every aspect of designing, creating, customizing, and maintaining the core network foundation of an OpenStack cloud using OpenStack Neutron all in one book.
  • • Written by best-selling author James Denton, who has more than 15 years of experience in system administration and networking. James has experience of deploying, operating, and maintaining OpenStack clouds and has worked with top enterprises and organizations.

Description

OpenStack Neutron is an OpenStack component that provides networking as a service for other OpenStack services to architect networks and create virtual machines through its API. This API lets you define network connectivity in order to leverage network capabilities to cloud deployments. Through this practical book, you will build a strong foundational knowledge of Neutron, and will architect and build an OpenStack cloud using advanced networking features. We start with an introduction to OpenStack Neutron and its various components, including virtual switching, routing, FWaaS, VPNaaS, and LBaaS. You’ll also get hands-on by installing OpenStack and Neutron and its components, and use agents and plugins to orchestrate network connectivity and build a virtual switching infrastructure. Moving on, you’ll get to grips with the HA routing capabilities utilizing VRRP and distributed virtual routers in Neutron. You’ll also discover load balancing fundamentals, including the difference between nodes, pools, pool members, and virtual IPs. You’ll discover the purpose of security groups and learn how to apply the security concept to your cloud/tenant/instance. Finally, you' ll configure virtual private networks that will allow you to avoid the use of SNAT and floating IPs when connecting to remote networks.

Who is this book for?

If you are an OpenStack-based cloud operator and administrator who is new to Neutron networking and wants to build your very own OpenStack cloud, then this book is for you. Prior networking experience and a physical server and network infrastructure is recommended to follow along with concepts demonstrated in the book.

What you will learn

  • • Architect and install the latest release of OpenStack on Ubuntu Linux 14.04 LTS
  • • Review the components of OpenStack networking, including plugins, agents, and services, and learn how they work together to coordinate network operations
  • • Build a virtual switching infrastructure using reference architectures based on ML2 + Open vSwitch or ML2 + LinuxBridge
  • • Create networks, subnets, and routers that connect virtual machine instances to the network
  • • Deploy highly available routers using DVR or VRRP-based methods
  • • Scale your application with haproxy and Load Balancing as-a-Service
  • • Implement port and router-level security using Security Groups and Firewall as-a-Service
  • • Provide connectivity to tenant networks with Virtual Private Networking as-a-Service (VPNaaS)
  • • Find out how to manage OpenStack networking resources using CLI and GUI-driven methods
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Length: 462 pages
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Table of Contents

15 Chapters
1. Preparing the Network for OpenStack Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Installing OpenStack Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Installing Neutron Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Building a Virtual Switching Infrastructure Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Creating Networks with Neutron Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Managing Security Groups Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Creating Standalone Routers with Neutron Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Router Redundancy Using VRRP Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Distributed Virtual Routers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Load Balancing Traffic to Instances Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Firewall as a Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Virtual Private Network as a Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. Additional Neutron Commands Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
B. Virtualizing the Environment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.8
(14 Ratings)
5 star 78.6%
4 star 21.4%
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2 star 0%
1 star 0%
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Ceylan and Ceren Apr 21, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Having a good networking background in firewalls and load-balancers, this book helped me tremendously to get my lab working in no time. It goes in detail into how Neutron works, all the components. Last 4 chapters is where you get into the real life scenarios. It also gives good pointers on how Openstack networking evolved over time.If you are new to OpenStack and networking is your focus, you cannot go wrong with this book.
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andrea Dec 22, 2015
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Un ottimo testo che approccia in maniere chiara e dettagliata neutron. La seconda edizione offre un aggiornamento sull'evoluzione di openstack
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Customer Jul 17, 2018
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Jonathan Velez Jun 27, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is a very good high level intro into OpenStack networking but just as the author prefaces, you must have a good handle on networking and system administration before hand. OpenStack has so many moving parts and its quite refreshing to get an understanding of a single piece of the puzzle. The explanations in this edition are more concise in comparison to the first edition which in my opinion had a lot extra material that caused it to be a little bit more confusing in a system with so much going in the background already.I was able to setup my environment with relative ease with minimal linux knowledge and mess around with the interface as it should be. I would still like a troubleshooting section but to be honest everything was relatively easy.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
SuJo Jan 31, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Neutron looks really pretty on the surface, but it is still a very complex system to digest. This book is highly recommended for configuring OpenStack Networking if you're using Neutron. As another reviewer recommended having this in your OpenStack library for Administration purposes, I couldn't agree more. The book is very clear, concise, and stays on track. Following along is a breeze and the detailed information is well worth the cost alone for this book.
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