The current state of IoT platforms and their interoperability

The current state of IoT platforms and how they interoperate with one another is a convoluted picture. The market is fragmented due to the heterogeneity that is present with controllers, device protocols, network connectivity methods, standards, data formats, and many more. This is where concepts such as data normalization come into play. Data normalization in the context of IoT involves standardizing and restructuring diverse data formats from various IoT devices and sensors into a consistent, usable format. This process is crucial for efficient data integration, analysis, and interoperability across different IoT systems and applications.

Vendors often intentionally define different IoT protocols and interfaces that are incompatible with other solutions, given their own agendas of competition. One can grasp this idea by considering smart home ecosystems: a certain smart bulb might work flawlessly with one automation...