Search icon CANCEL
Subscription
0
Cart icon
Your Cart (0 item)
Close icon
You have no products in your basket yet
Arrow left icon
Explore Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
The Applied Artificial Intelligence Workshop
The Applied Artificial Intelligence Workshop

The Applied Artificial Intelligence Workshop: Start working with AI today, to build games, design decision trees, and train your own machine learning models

Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Anthony So Profile Icon Nagy Profile Icon William So
Arrow right icon
$38.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (1 Ratings)
Paperback Jul 2020 420 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$17.99 $26.99
Paperback
$38.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Anthony So Profile Icon Nagy Profile Icon William So
Arrow right icon
$38.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (1 Ratings)
Paperback Jul 2020 420 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$17.99 $26.99
Paperback
$38.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
eBook
$17.99 $26.99
Paperback
$38.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Product feature icon AI Assistant (beta) to help accelerate your learning
OR
Modal Close icon
Payment Processing...
tick Completed

Shipping Address

Billing Address

Shipping Methods
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

The Applied Artificial Intelligence Workshop

2. An Introduction to Regression

Overview

In this chapter, you will be introduced to regression. Regression comes in handy when you are trying to predict future variables using historical data. You will learn various regression techniques such as linear regression with single and multiple variables, along with polynomial and Support Vector Regression (SVR). You will use these techniques to predict future stock prices from a stock price data. By the end of this chapter, you will be comfortable using regression techniques to solve practical problems in a variety of fields.

Introduction

In the previous chapter, you were introduced to the fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which helped you create the game Tic-Tac-Toe. In this chapter, we will be looking at regression, which is a machine learning algorithm that can be used to measure how closely related independent variable(s), called features, relate to a dependent variable called a label.

Linear regression is a concept with many applications a variety of fields, ranging from finance (predicting the price of an asset) to business (predicting the sales of a product) and even the economy (predicting economy growth).

Most of this chapter will deal with different forms of linear regression, including linear regression with one variable, linear regression with multiple variables, polynomial regression with one variable, and polynomial regression with multiple variables. Python provides lots of forms of support for performing regression operations and we will also be looking at these later on...

Linear Regression with One Variable

A general regression problem can be defined with the following example. Suppose we have a set of data points and we need to figure out the best fit curve to approximately fit the given data points. This curve will describe the relationship between our input variable, x, which is the data point, and the output variable, y, which is the curve.

Remember, in real life, we often have more than one input variable determining the output variable. However, linear regression with one variable will help us to understand how the input variable impacts the output variable.

Types of Regression

In this chapter, we will work with regression on the two-dimensional plane. This means that our data points are two-dimensional, and we are looking for a curve to approximate how to calculate one variable from another.

We will come across the following types of regression in this chapter:

  • Linear regression with one variable using a polynomial of degree...

Linear Regression with Multiple Variables

In the previous section, we dealt with linear regression with one variable. Now we will learn an extended version of linear regression, where we will use multiple input variables to predict the output.

Multiple Linear Regression

If you recall the formula for the line of best fit in linear regression, it was defined as 20, where 21 is the slope of the line, 22 is the y intercept of the line, x is the feature value, and y is the calculated label value.

In multiple regression, we have multiple features and one label. If we have three features, x1, x2, and x3, our model changes to 23.

In NumPy array format, we can write this equation as follows:

y = np.dot(np.array([a1, a2, a3]), np.array([x1, x2, x3])) + b

For convenience, it makes sense to define the whole equation in a vector multiplication format. The coefficient of 24 is going to be 1:

y = np.dot(np.array([b, a1, a2, a3]) * np.array([1, x1, x2, x3]))

Multiple linear regression...

Polynomial and Support Vector Regression

When performing a polynomial regression, the relationship between x and y, or using their other names, features, and labels, is not a linear equation, but a polynomial equation. This means that instead of the 29 equation, we can have multiple coefficients and multiple powers of x in the equation.

To make matters even more complicated, we can perform polynomial regression using multiple variables, where each feature may have coefficients multiplying different powers of the feature.

Our task is to find a curve that best fits our dataset. Once polynomial regression is extended to multiple variables, we will learn the SVM model to perform polynomial regression.

Polynomial Regression with One Variable

As a recap, we have performed two types of regression so far:

  • Simple linear regression: 30
  • Multiple linear regression: 31

We will now learn how to do polynomial linear regression with one variable. The equation for polynomial...

Support Vector Regression

SVMs are binary classifiers and are usually used in classification problems (you will learn more about this in Chapter 3, An Introduction to Classification). An SVM classifier takes data and tries to predict which class it belongs to. Once the classification of a data point is determined, it gets labeled. But SVMs can also be used for regression; that is, instead of labeling data, it can predict future values in a series.

The SVR model uses the space between our data as a margin of error. Based on the margin of error, it makes predictions regarding future values.

If the margin of error is too small, we risk overfitting the existing dataset. If the margin of error is too big, we risk underfitting the existing dataset.

In the case of a classifier, the kernel describes the surface dividing the state space, whereas, in a regression, the kernel measures the margin of error. This kernel can use a linear model, a polynomial model, or many other possible...

Summary

In this chapter, we have learned the fundamentals of linear regression. After going through some basic mathematics, we looked at the mathematics of linear regression using one variable and multiple variables.

Then, we learned how to load external data from sources such as a CSV file, Yahoo Finance, and Quandl. After loading the data, we learned how to identify features and labels, how to scale data, and how to format data to perform regression.

We learned how to train and test a linear regression model, and how to predict the future. Our results were visualized by an easy-to-use Python graph plotting library called pyplot.

We also learned about a more complex form of linear regression: linear polynomial regression using arbitrary degrees. We learned how to define these regression problems on multiple variables and compare their performance on the Boston House Price dataset. As an alternative to polynomial regression, we also introduced SVMs as a regression model and...

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon
Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • Learn about AI and ML algorithms from the perspective of a seasoned data scientist
  • Get practical experience in ML algorithms, such as regression, tree algorithms, clustering, and more
  • Design neural networks that emulate the human brain

Description

You already know that artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are present in many of the tools you use in your daily routine. But do you want to be able to create your own AI and ML models and develop your skills in these domains to kickstart your AI career? The Applied Artificial Intelligence Workshop gets you started with applying AI with the help of practical exercises and useful examples, all put together cleverly to help you gain the skills to transform your career. The book begins by teaching you how to predict outcomes using regression. You will then learn how to classify data using techniques such as k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. As you progress, you’ll explore various decision trees by learning how to build a reliable decision tree model that can help your company find cars that clients are likely to buy. The final chapters will introduce you to deep learning and neural networks. Through various activities, such as predicting stock prices and recognizing handwritten digits, you’ll learn how to train and implement convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). By the end of this applied AI book, you’ll have learned how to predict outcomes and train neural networks and be able to use various techniques to develop AI and ML models.

Who is this book for?

The Applied Artificial Intelligence Workshop is designed for software developers and data scientists who want to enrich their projects with machine learning. Although you do not need any prior experience in AI, it is recommended that you have knowledge of high school-level mathematics and at least one programming language, preferably Python. Although this is a beginner’s book, experienced students and programmers can improve their Python skills by implementing the practical applications given in this book.

What you will learn

  • Create your first AI game in Python with the minmax algorithm
  • Implement regression techniques to simplify real-world data
  • Experiment with classification techniques to label real-world data
  • Perform predictive analysis in Python using decision trees and random forests
  • Use clustering algorithms to group data without manual support
  • Learn how to use neural networks to process and classify labeled images
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Egypt

Standard delivery 10 - 13 business days

$12.95

Premium delivery 3 - 6 business days

$34.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jul 22, 2020
Length: 420 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781800205819
Category :
Languages :
Tools :

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Product feature icon AI Assistant (beta) to help accelerate your learning
OR
Modal Close icon
Payment Processing...
tick Completed

Shipping Address

Billing Address

Shipping Methods
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Egypt

Standard delivery 10 - 13 business days

$12.95

Premium delivery 3 - 6 business days

$34.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Publication date : Jul 22, 2020
Length: 420 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781800205819
Category :
Languages :
Tools :

Packt Subscriptions

See our plans and pricing
Modal Close icon
$19.99 billed monthly
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Simple pricing, no contract
$199.99 billed annually
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just $5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
$279.99 billed in 18 months
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just $5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts

Frequently bought together


Stars icon
Total $ 121.97
The Applied Artificial Intelligence Workshop
$38.99
The Deep Learning Workshop
$43.99
The Applied Data Science Workshop
$38.99
Total $ 121.97 Stars icon
Banner background image

Table of Contents

6 Chapters
1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. An Introduction to Regression Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. An Introduction to Classification Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. An Introduction to Decision Trees Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Artificial Intelligence: Clustering Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Neural Networks and Deep Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
(1 Ratings)
5 star 100%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Shorsh Nov 10, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The first thing that I want to mention is that I really enjoyed the lecture of this book due to its simplicity to explain simple concepts as Heuristics or Deep Learning algorithms.The examples are very concise and easy to follow which makes learning AI a neat adventure.The section I enjoyed the most was Heuristics and Clustering as they have great examples.I would recommend this book to anyone who is looking for a starting path in the AI world.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

What is the delivery time and cost of print book? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact [email protected] with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at [email protected] using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on [email protected] with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on [email protected] within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on [email protected] who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on [email protected] within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela