To get the most out of this book

Chapter number	Software required (with version)	Free/Proprietary	Hardware specifications	OS required
1-14	Python version 3.7.2 or later	Free	Min 4GB of RAM, 8GB +Recommended.	Windows/Linux/Mac

If you are using the digital version of this book, we advise you to type the code yourself or access the code via the GitHub repository (link available in the next section). Doing so will help you avoid any potential errors related to the copying and pasting of code.

Download the example code files

You can download the example code files for this book from your account at www.packt.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files emailed directly to you.

You can download the code files by following these steps:

1. Log in or register at www.packt.com.

2. Select the Support tab.

3. Click on Code Downloads.

4. Enter the name of the book in the Search box and follow the onscreen instructions.

Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or extract the folder using the latest version of:

• WinRAR/7-Zip for Windows

• Zipeg/iZip/UnRarX for Mac

• 7-Zip/PeaZip for Linux

The code bundle for the book is also hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/40-Algorithms-Every-Programmer-Should-Know. In case there's an update to the code, it will be updated on the existing GitHub repository.

We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!

Download the color images

We also provide a PDF file that has color images of the screenshots/diagrams used in this book. You can download it here: https://static.packt-cdn.com/downloads/9781789801217_ColorImages.pdf.

Conventions used

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

CodeInText: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: "Let's see how to add a new element to a stack by using push or removing an element from a stack by using pop."

A block of code is set as follows:

define swap(x, y)
    buffer = x
    x = y
    y = buffer

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

define swap(x, y)
    buffer = x
    x = y
    y = buffer

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

pip install a_package

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see on screen. For example, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in the text like this. Here is an example: "One way to reduce the complexity of an algorithm is to compromise on its accuracy, producing a type of algorithm called an approximate algorithm."

Warnings or important notes appear like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.