Search icon CANCEL
Subscription
0
Cart icon
Your Cart (0 item)
Close icon
You have no products in your basket yet
Arrow left icon
Explore Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
Arduino for Kids
Arduino for Kids

Arduino for Kids: A cool guide to help kids develop robots and electronics

Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Kuber Profile Icon Varada Profile Icon Rishi Gaurav Bhatnagar
Arrow right icon
€29.99
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1 (4 Ratings)
Paperback Mar 2017 218 pages 1st Edition
eBook
€15.99 €23.99
Paperback
€29.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at €18.99p/m
Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Kuber Profile Icon Varada Profile Icon Rishi Gaurav Bhatnagar
Arrow right icon
€29.99
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1 (4 Ratings)
Paperback Mar 2017 218 pages 1st Edition
eBook
€15.99 €23.99
Paperback
€29.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at €18.99p/m
eBook
€15.99 €23.99
Paperback
€29.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at €18.99p/m

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
OR
Modal Close icon
Payment Processing...
tick Completed

Shipping Address

Billing Address

Shipping Methods
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Arduino for Kids

Chapter 1.  The World around Us

Things you will learn about in this chapter are as follows:

  • How things around you work
  • How to ask questions when you are learning something new
  • How to carefully record your observations

Have you ever wondered how things around you seem to talk to each other? How does your garage door know when to open? How does your night-lamp know when to switch the light on and off? How does your computer connect to the Internet and download interesting videos?

The World around Us

All the problems in the world are solved by one word-invention.

The word In-ven-tion originates from the Latin word Inventio, which means finding out. Human beings are called intelligent as they are able to understand, communicate, and change their surroundings. People who make these changes are called inventors.

Since prehistoric times, inventors have held a great power over the rest of humanity. Imagine a world without fire! Humans would not have been able to defend themselves or cook food. Imagine a life without wheels, where humans had to carry heavy weight on their backs. Every inventor has had some positive contribution to the society. It is cool to be an inventor. Inventors are no less than superheroes.

However, becoming an inventor is not an easy task, but so wasn't humans visiting the moon! Every human has the ability to be curious, ask questions, understand, learn, team-up, and build a solution. All it takes is taking one step at a time, just like climbing a set of stairs. Always imagine your solution at the top of a flight of stairs, break down your problem into small questions, connect those questions to your existing knowledge base, learn more from your available resources-be it friends, books, elders or internet. Expand your knowledge in related fields, figure out your solution. Try to build your solution, if it works, there you go, you have an invention! If not, think harder, question more!

And you young makers are invention-superheroes! Isn't it cool?

Solving problems - the best way out

The first step to gaining these superpowers is to keep an observation-notebook. This observation notebook will be your companion throughout your journey towards a desired solution.

Now that you have your own invention-notebook, write a question. What fascinates you in your everyday life? There is an answer for everything it is a matter of asking the right question.

A good invention-notebook is filled in regularly, and superheroes don't not give up till they have solved the problem!

The internet is a great tool to solve problems-let's call it the helpful genie in the bottle. During the course of building things with me, you will need to rub this bottle a lot and call the genie!

Brace yourselves, young invention-superheroes, you and your genie are ready to embark upon this wonderful world of inventing solutions to problems!

Now that we agreed that you want to solve problems, how do we define or recognize a problem?

A problem is nothing but a solution with a LOT of gift wraps. It is an opportunity for you to increase your knowledge base. The more data you have in your knowledge base, the harder problems you can solve, and the better your solutions can be.

Problems can be observed by you, or reported to you by others. Understanding the problem is the first step. Some good questions to ask would be as follows:

  • What is the end result I want?
  • Does any solution currently exist to solve it? (Search the internet, use your genie!)
  • Is the current solution the best way it can be solved?

When you get the answer to the last two questions as NO, you try to break down the problem into small blocks, just like you chew the food before swallowing.

Take a very simple example: if your younger brother has a problem understanding how your night lamp turns on and off with a switch, you start by making a note in your inventor's notebook:

What do you see in the lamp?

  • You see a bulb at the center, a shade, and a tail-like wire plugged into a socket; you write it down.
  • Then you see the small switch, which makes the bulb go on and off Note that down too in your notebook. Start asking yourself what is in that switch that makes this lamp go on and off and how can it be related to the socket? Ask an elder to pull the plug off-try the switch.
  • Does the bulb go on and off? No? Note that down in your inventor's notebook.
  • Ask the elder to plug in the wire again. Try the switch now? Yes! Make a note of that in your notebook too.
  • What did you learn? The lamp works when it is plugged in, and it is controlled by a switch.
  • What makes the lamp work? What comes out of the socket? Can you explain it?
  • Ask your genie! (Answer on the last page)

The beauty of taking notes

Can you recall your last birthday party? How old did you turn? What color clothes were you wearing? How many friends came to your birthday party? What were they all wearing? Of course you can recall all that by looking into your photo-album!

What were you thinking when you opened your best friend's present? Could that thought be captured in camera? No! Do you want to base your future interactions with your best friend based on how special they made you feel on that day? Yes!

Human thoughts and memories are short-lived; they change with time and new experiences. As we discussed, solving a problem takes a lot of time because each question leads to more! It is tough to keep a tab on all the thoughts.

But if you write it down, it's yours forever, as it was in that moment! As clear as a photograph! Clarity of your last thought is very important when you are trying to invent something new as you are linking the information you already knew to newer information. It is a chain that keeps on increasing with experience.

Hence, your inventors-notebook is your best friend!

Let's conduct a simple experiment to test your newly acquired inventor-power! Adult supervision is needed. The requirements are: a lemon, a paper clip, and a copper wire.

The beauty of taking notes

Procedure:

  1. Request the adult to straighten the paper clip and cut about two inches of it and give you. Request the elder to remove the insulation from the household copper wire and cut two inches of it.
  2. IN FRONT OF THE ADULT, try touching both the wires with your tongue (I know, it's not my favorite snack either!).
  3. Now fix the two wires in the lemon in a way that they are as close as possible but DO NOT touch each other.
  4. Now try licking the end of the wires.

Observation: Taste something tingly on your tongue?

Conclusion: Congratulations! You just 'tasted' electricity! Go brag to your friends!

Note

If you add one more lemon with similar paper clips and connect them, you can power an LED! Cool, eh?

The beauty of taking notes Warning Cool as it may seem, electricity is a highly dangerous power, and you must ALWAYS have adult supervision while handling it. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO TASTE ANY ELECTRICITY THAT IS NOT COMING FROM the LEMON. This tingling sensation is magnified by several thousand times in real life, and all our appliances are built to withstand that kind of power; our human body is not, and imitating this stunt can be disastrous!

What kind of questions have you noted in your inventors-notebook? Why is this happening? What will happen if you replace the copper wire with the same kind of paper clip instead? Write back to me at .

Tip

Cool as it may seem, all the experiments in this book come with a warning sign: do not swallow the parts that we use to create a solution, and when in doubt, always call for an adult. Safety first!

The human body

Have you ever wondered how your body functions? Irrespective of your wonder, start making notes! Let me get you started with some basic questions.

Q1. If we were an advanced robot, how do we see?

Ans. Through the eyes (Duh!).

Q2. How do we hear?

Ans. Ears. (Don't chocolates and new toys sound great?)

Q3. How do we differentiate between touching a soft kitten from touching a stone?

Ans. Skin. (I know you prefer a soft kitten more than a stone, trust me, so do I!)

Our nose, ears, skin are all what we call sensors. (Remember, we are all advanced robots!)

And what happens when we touch something hot by mistake? We quickly withdraw our hands. Now a normal kid would not notice this, but you, as an invention-hero, would ask the right question-why does this happen?

Our skin, which is a sensor, senses the hot object and wants to protect itself from damage; it sends a signal to our brain through electrical pulses and returns with instructions on what to do-MOVE AWAY!

Our brain is a microcontroller. A microcontroller is what makes our bodies intelligent, and like any normal human being, a microcontroller is as intelligent as the amount of information that you store in it. (Think about the last time you did not study well for a test, were you able to answer the questions?)

A human body has millions of tiny sensors and has the most advanced processing controller-the brain!

Now how does your mom's cellphone know which friend of hers in calling?

She 'taught' the brain of the cellphone what name a number matched to.

So we reach our most important conclusion of the chapter-microcontrollers are only as intelligent as we make them.

Now here's an exercise for you:

Can you use the internet to find out what sensors can be used to replace human nose, ears, and skin to make a small cardboard robot that will sleep when you turn off the lights and keep the room quiet and stroke it gently? You will build it in due course of this book.

The human body

In the afore mentioned system, we see that all the inputs need to go to the brain to get instructions. The brain of this robot will be Arduino.

The human body

Stay tuned to find out more fun stuff!

Summary

In this chapter, you learnt that you are all inventing-superheroes. You learnt the importance of keeping an inventors-notebook. You learnt how to ask the right questions and to use Internet for solutions. You also learnt that a microcontroller is only as intelligent as you make it. You tasted the safest form of electricity and learnt a very important lesson SAFETY FIRST around anything that emits electricity.

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon
Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • Get clearly-written code with descriptions and comments that explain each code section
  • The book comes with separate code files, one entire program at a time, as well as many diagrams and separate downloadable files that contain colored photos explaining steps in the book
  • Kids can build multiple projects during the course of the book; by the end, they will have working projects of their own

Description

The mission of this book is to integrate technology with the tools that children already use for crafts so that they feel that the technology is an extension of their playtime. We use coding, sensors, and micro-controllers integrated with art and craft supplies, origami, and Playdough. There are 10 fun-filled chapters that talk to children directly, and give clear instructions for non-technical parents too. We use Arduino as the controller of choice due to its easy availability and large community. By the end of the book, children will comfortably be able to set up their Arduino, read and understand code, manipulate code, and ultimately write their own code for projects. They will also be able to use basic sensors and know how components connect to each other. All the learning takes place with lots of colorful pictures and the circuits are neatly presented using wiring.

Who is this book for?

This book is for children aged 9 and up, and their parents, who may or may not have a technical background. This book is tailored around the central idea of introducing electronics as a fun and a curiosity-inducing exercise. This book can act as a bonding exercise between parent and child over a single weekend.

What you will learn

  • Write simple programs using variables, functions, loops, arrays, and libraries
  • Set up the Arduino and understand its internal functioning
  • Get to grips with connections in electronics and arrive at ways to connect various components yourself
  • Delve into various sensors and their selection and build your own sensor
  • Unravel the concept of resistors and capacitors along with understanding the physics of electronics
  • Become an inventor through interactive exercises (such as making a friend happy with a proximity sensor, and giving "life" to a plant)
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to France

Premium delivery 7 - 10 business days

€10.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Mar 23, 2017
Length: 218 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785884818
Category :
Concepts :
Tools :

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
OR
Modal Close icon
Payment Processing...
tick Completed

Shipping Address

Billing Address

Shipping Methods
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to France

Premium delivery 7 - 10 business days

€10.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Publication date : Mar 23, 2017
Length: 218 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785884818
Category :
Concepts :
Tools :

Packt Subscriptions

See our plans and pricing
Modal Close icon
€18.99 billed monthly
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Simple pricing, no contract
€189.99 billed annually
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just €5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
€264.99 billed in 18 months
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just €5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts

Frequently bought together


Stars icon
Total 103.97
Arduino: Building exciting LED based projects and espionage devices
€52.99
Raspberry Pi Projects for Kids (Second Edition)
€20.99
Arduino for Kids
€29.99
Total 103.97 Stars icon
Banner background image

Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. The World around Us Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Systems and Logic Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Components and Connections Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. The Magic Wand Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Hello World! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Safety Box Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Make a Friend Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Save Energy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. High 5! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Plant, Meet Arduino! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
(4 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 100%
Amazon Customer Aug 28, 2018
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I was hoping to see a page of content to ensure if this is something my kid would understand. But the Look Inside feature simply showed the table of contents which is as good as cover and did not help my buy this book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sreekanth Oct 29, 2017
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
High price with low quality printing. Sees every page is a photocopy.The material representation is too not good. Better to learn from arduino help than buying this book. Packt, please see how MAKE books are made.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sunita Maurya Jun 22, 2018
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
Waste of time and money
Amazon Verified review Amazon
CD Jan 07, 2020
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I was looking for a beginner Arduino book for my two long distance middle school nieces who have expressed interest in building small electronics projects. I've built a few Arduino projects and thought I would send them each a decent kit and a book. I have an O'Riley web account and was able to review this book online prior to buying it. I am glad I did!This book is basically just like an adult book with a handful of bad cartoon drawings. It looks like it covers the topics but I'm not sure what makes this for kids. Frankly, I can't think of a better way to make a kid lose interest in something, than reading through four chapters before they see something happen. The book should start with the Arduino IDE setup and loading an example blink sketch ("hello world program" in Arduino language) and then gradually build on that as they walk the child through adding more functionality and application logic, explaining it as they go. Instead, this "9 and up" book goes into such engaging topics as "What is an algorithm" and "Physics behind sensors" before they take the Arduino out of the box. See the first half of the ToC I've added if you don't believe me, LOL.This was so traumatic, I'm giving up on buying a book. There is a lot of good stuff online which is where kids are learning everything anyway. I'll probably setup a private slack channel so I can help them with the harder stuff. I know that dosen't help, sorry. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯Someone mentioned pages lacked crispness, like it was done with a copy machine, welcome to Packt Publishing, this is common for their print books.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

What is the delivery time and cost of print book? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact [email protected] with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at [email protected] using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on [email protected] with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on [email protected] within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on [email protected] who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on [email protected] within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela