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Mastering ASP.NET Web API
Mastering ASP.NET Web API

Mastering ASP.NET Web API: Build powerful HTTP services and make the most of the ASP.NET Core Web API platform

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Mastering ASP.NET Web API

Understanding HTTP and REST

REST means Representational State Transfer. The REST architecture style was a PhD dissertation by Roy T. Fielding titled Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software. This paper was first published in 2000 after a 6 year study. We can be thankful to Mr. Fielding for the research work and findings.

The modern-day API is modeled around REST, and you will hear people mentioning, it's not RESTful or questioned, is your API RESTful?

To create and model a well-defined API, you need to have sound knowledge of REST. For this reason, we will delve a bit deeper into Roy T. Fielding's study.

Roy T. Fielding set out to fix a few problems that showed their head in 1993. Many authors were publishing their work on the web, and they wanted to collaborate. The web became a great place to share and discuss research work. However, no sooner...

Software architecture

Software architecture is an abstraction of the runtime elements of a software system during a phase of its operation. A system may be composed of many levels of abstraction and many phases of operation, each with its own software architecture.

Software architecture is defined by a configuration of architectural elements-components, connectors, and data-constrained in their relationships in order to achieve a desired set of architectural properties:

  • Component: This is is an abstract unit of software instructions and the internal state that provides a transformation of data via its interface
  • Connector : This is an abstract mechanism that mediates communication, coordination, or cooperation among components
  • Data: This is an element of information that is transferred from a component, or received by a component, via its connector

The REST architectural style...

REST principles

REST is modeled around starting with nothing and then adding constraints. We will apply constraints to a software architecture, and your architecture will become RESTful.

Client - server

Note that throughout Roy T. Fielding's work, he does not mention that REST has to be applied to the HTTP protocol. In our case, a client server will be the browser as the client and IIS as the server.

Note that the separation of the client and server allows abstraction. These two components can be built independently as well as deployed independently.

Stateless

The...

REST architectural elements

As discussed earlier, REST is not a protocol, and it can be discussed without implementation. The key element of REST is the ability to add constraints to components, connectors, and data.

Data elements

When you select a hyperlink where data needs to be transferred from the server to the client, the client needs to interpret the data and render it into a format to the user. How does the REST principle do this? The REST components transfer the data as well as the metadata to the client, with instructions to help the client compose the resource that it has requested:

Data element

Modern web examples

Resource

The intended conceptual target of a hypertext reference

Resource identifier...

HTTP

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The very first version was 0.9; then came version 1.0.

The key difference between 1.0 and 1.1 is that the client makes a connection with the server and that connection is reused, whereas in HTTP 1.0, the connection is thrown away and for each request, a new connection is created. HTTP 1.1 is also derived by applying the REST constraints to 1.0.

A basic HTTP message is composed of a header and body.

When the client communicates with the server, it communicates via HTTP. The server responds to the client with messages and code.

HTTP/1.1 status codes

There is a broad range of status codes, which indicate to the client what has occurred with the request that has been processed...

Version 2 of HTTP

HTTP/2 is an optimization of HTTP 1.1. Many browsers already support HTTP/2; your Chrome browser does that already.

HTTP/2 is a combination of two specifications: Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2 (RFC7540) and HPACK- Header Compression for HTTP2 (RFC7541).

When using HTTP/2 over Transport Layer Security (TLS), "h2" is used to indicate the protocol.

The "h2c" string is used when HTTP/2 is used over clear text TCP or when HTTP.1.1 upgrades.

An example of a GET request is as follows:

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
Connection: Upgrade, HTTP2-Settings
Upgrade: h2c
HTTP2-Settings: <base64url encoding of HTTP/2 SETTINGS payload>

-RCF 7540 Section 3.2

This request is from a client that does not know whether HTTP/2 is supported. It makes a HTTP 1.1 request, but includes an upgrade field in the header, "h2c", and at least...

Binary messages

Messages are processed faster as they are in a binary format compared to text. Since they are in the native binary format over the wire, they don't need to translate from text to binary by the TCP protocol.

Header compression

As the web has evolved, more data is sent from the server to the client and from the client to the server. HTTP 1.1 does not compress header fields. HTTP works over TCP and a request is sent over this connection, where the headers are large and contain redundant data. TCP works on Slow Start implemented by a network congestion-avoidance algorithm, which places packets over the network. If the headers are compressed, more packets can be sent over the wire. HTTP/2 fixed this problem...

Richardson maturity model

The Richardson maturity model (RMM) was developed by Leonard Richardson. Commonly referred to as RMM, it is used to upgrade the standard of your API.

Level 0

This is your traditional soap-based web service or the XML-RPC service. It uses HTTP, but it has one method and one URI. This method is usually POST and will return a heavy dataset. I am sure all of us have worked with this type of web service or might encounter it at some point. The entire database as a dataset is wrapped in this output.

Level 1

Resources are exposed, but you still have...

Summary

We looked at the definition of REST and how REST is derived. When you look at the REST architecture, you should be able to depict it in three categories, as explained by Roy T. Fielding. One, the process view, describes how data flows from the client to the several components. Two, the connector view is specific to the exchanging of messages between components specific to resources and resource identification. Three, the data view of how the data that we referred to as representations is transmitted from the server to the client. It is very important to have a good understanding of the REST principles and that REST was applied to HTTP 1.0 in order to derive HTTP 1.1.

HTTP is a living example of the REST principles. Actions such as GET and POST are stateless, which is a principle of REST. The examples show how to construct an HTTP request and what the server sends back...

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Key benefits

  • Get a comprehensive analysis of the latest specification of ASP.NET Core and all the changes to the underlying platform that you need to know to make the most of the web API
  • See an advanced coverage of ASP.NET Core Web API to create robust models for your data, create controllers, and handle routing and security
  • This book is packed with key theoretical and practical concepts that can be instantly applied to build professional applications using API with Angular 4, Ionic, and React

Description

Microsoft has unified their main web development platforms. This unification will help develop web applications using various pieces of the ASP.NET platform that can be deployed on both Windows and LINUX. With ASP.NET Core (Web API), it will become easier than ever to build secure HTTP services that can be used from any client. Mastering ASP.NET Web API starts with the building blocks of the ASP.NET Core, then gradually moves on to implementing various HTTP routing strategies in the Web API. We then focus on the key components of building applications that employ the Web API, such as Kestrel, Middleware, Filters, Logging, Security, and Entity Framework.Readers will be introduced to take the TDD approach to write test cases along with the new Visual Studio 2017 live unit testing feature. They will also be introduced to integrate with the database using ORMs. Finally, we explore how the Web API can be consumed in a browser as well as by mobile applications by utilizing Angular 4, Ionic and ReactJS. By the end of this book, you will be able to apply best practices to develop complex Web API, consume them in frontend applications and deploy these applications to a modern hosting infrastructure.

Who is this book for?

This book is for .Net developers who wants to Master ASP.NET Core (Web API) and have played around with previous ASP.NET Web API a little, but don’t have in-depth knowledge of it. You need to know Visual Studio and C#, and have some HTML, CSS, and JavaScript knowledge.

What you will learn

  • Acquire conceptual and hands-on knowledge of ASP.NET Core (MVC & Web API)
  • Learn about HTTP methods, the structure of HTTP content, internet media types, and how servers respond to HTTP requests and their associated HTTP codes
  • Explore middleware, filters, routing, and unit testing
  • Optimize Web API implementations
  • Develop a secure Web API interface
  • Deploy Web API projects to various platforms
  • Consume your web API in front end application based on Angular 4, Bootstrap, and Ionic
  • Implement and explore the current trends in service architecture
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Table of Contents

13 Chapters
Introduction to Microservices and Service-Oriented Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding HTTP and REST Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Anatomy of ASP.NET Core Web API Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Controllers, Actions, and Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Implementing Routing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Middleware and Filters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Perform Unit and Integration Testing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Web API Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Integration with Database Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Error Handling, Tracing, and Logging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Optimization and Performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Hosting and Deployment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Modern Web Frontends Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.8
(4 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 25%
3 star 25%
2 star 50%
1 star 0%
Amazon Customer Feb 20, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
It has provided effective knowledge for API development using Dotnet Core with C# programming language. It has very real examples.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
DNAunion Jan 07, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
I largely agree with the other reviewer, who gave 2 stars. The book claims to have an author - who should have reviewed his work himself - as well as a proofreader, and a reviewer, but it has many unclear sentences (without examples to help clarify), grammatical errors, and code errors. I am really starting to get fed up with Packt books.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Thomas E. Hoke Jr. May 05, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
This is a frustrating book to try to work through. Many of the code examples are incomplete and do not compile. I spent a lot of time searching the web for solutions, and this definitely hampered me from learning the concepts as well as I should have. There are also a lot of misspellings and grammatical errors. Overall, the book seems sloppy and rushed. Not recommended.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
E. Anderson Aug 30, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
I do not recommend this book. While the authors themselves may have a firm grasp on the ins and outs of Web API, you can't tell it from the code inside the book or what's bundled in the download. I tried implementing the code using the examples in the book and from the download files while reading "Chapter 4:Controllers, Actions, and Models". Too much of the code and concepts necessary to complete the solution were left out of the chapter and what was in the download was different than shown in the book.I gave up and continued reading the book but my curiosity got the better of me when I got to "Chapter 9: Integration with Database". Again, the code shown in the book was incomplete (missing crucial pieces) while the download was significantly different from the published book. This happened with both the EF6 and EF Core sections.I continued reading on and, not having learned my lesson earlier, tried implementing the code for "Chapter 12: Hosting and Deployment". More of the same problems.In summary, if the authors can't be bothered to provide coherent examples in the book and complete solutions matching what's been written, I won't bother recommending it. And even though the code is available through GitHub, I'm not wasting my time correcting their mistakes.I also blame the reviewer(s) who should've easily caught these mistakes.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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