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Home > Cloud & Networking > Networking > Creating Development Environments with Vagrant Second Edition
Creating Development Environments with Vagrant Second Edition
Creating Development Environments with Vagrant Second Edition

Creating Development Environments with Vagrant Second Edition: Leverage the power of Vagrant to create and manage virtual development environments with Puppet, Chef, and VirtualBox , Second Edition

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Profile Icon MICHAEL KEITH PEACOCK
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Creating Development Environments with Vagrant Second Edition

Chapter 2. Managing Vagrant Boxes and Projects

In this chapter, we will learn the basics of using Vagrant. We will take a look at initializing projects, importing base boxes to be used as our operating system, and controlling the virtual machine by powering on and off, suspending and resuming, and connecting to the box. Finally, we will also learn how to configure some of the key integration points between our own machine and our Vagrant-controlled virtual machine, including:

  • Port forwarding
  • Folder mapping
  • Networking

Creating our first Vagrant project

Now that we have Vagrant installed on our machine, let's take a look at creating Vagrant projects. Any folder can act as a Vagrant project; it only requires a special configuration file, called the Vagrantfile, within it. Vagrant uses this file to set up the virtual machines (guests) and manage their integration with our computer (or host machine).

Vagrant has a command to create a Vagrantfile within the current directory you are in, within your computer's terminal: the vagrant init command. To create a new project, let's create a new folder anywhere in our system – ideally, somewhere easily reachable, then we need to go into this folder, and run the init command:

Creating our first Vagrant project

Vagrant will then create a Vagrantfile within that folder, and show us a confirmation message:

Creating our first Vagrant project

If we take a look at the contents of this Vagrantfile file that was created, we will see a range of configuration options. Most of the options are commented out (as they are prefixed...

Managing Vagrant-controlled guest machines

The virtual machines, which Vagrant controls for us, still need to be managed and worked with. We have seen that we can start a Vagrant project with vagrant up. Let's learn more about this command, and see how to perform other operations on our new virtual machine.

Powering up a Vagrant-controlled virtual machine

As we have just seen, we can power up a virtual machine using the vagrant up command. With this command, Vagrant will first check whether a Vagrant environment has already been set up. If a previously suspended environment is found, it will resume that environment.

If the environment was not previously suspended, Vagrant then checks whether the base box has already been downloaded onto the machine. If it hasn't, it will download it, as it did for us when we booted our project with the precise64 box for the first time.

Vagrant will then perform the following actions:

  1. Copy the base box (remember, base boxes are managed globally on our...

Managing integration between host and guest machines

Without any form of integration between the host machine and the guest, we would simply have a bare bones virtual server running on top of our own operating system, which is not particularly useful. We need our own machine to be capable of integrating tightly with the guest (virtual machine).

Port forwarding

Although the virtual machine is running on our own machine, because of virtualization, it acts and behaves like a completely different machine. Sometimes, this is what we want; however, there might be times we want to have the virtual machine behave almost as an extension of our own machine. One way to do this is through port forwarding, where we can tunnel a port from the virtual machine to a port on the host machine. If, for example, we have a web server running on our own machine, we obviously don't want to map the web server port from Vagrant onto the same port; otherwise, there would be a conflict. Instead, we can map it to...

Autorunning commands

One of the key concepts within Vagrant is provisioning. This involves turning a basic virtual machine with a base operating system into a server that is ready to run for your project, meeting your requirements. To go from the base operating system to a fully fledged machine, we need to use a provisioning tool to install the software and configure the machine. There are a number of key provisioning options within Vagrant:

  • Shell
  • Puppet
  • Ansible
  • Chef

Puppet, Ansible, and Chef are all third-party tools that Vagrant supports out of the box, and provide specific languages to configure servers in an agnostic way that can be used for different operating systems. The next three chapters will discuss these tools in more detail. Vagrant also supports some other provisioning tools, including Salt, Docker, and CFEngine.

SSH provisioning involves running a series of commands on the virtual machine over SSH when the machine is first set up.

There are two key ways in which we can use SSH provisioning...

Managing Vagrant boxes

We can manage Vagrant boxes using the vagrant box command. Let's run this command with the help flag (--help) and see what subcommands are available:

vagrant box --help

Running this command gives the following result:

Managing Vagrant boxes

There are six available box-related subcommands. With each of these, we can provide the --help flag to see what additional arguments are available. The available box-related subcommands are:

  • add: This command adds a new box
  • list: This command lists all boxes installed
  • outdated: This command checks whether any boxes have updates available
  • remove: This command removes a box from the host
  • repackage: This command converts a Vagrant environment into a distributable box
  • update: This command will update the box being used by the current running Vagrant environment

Adding Vagrant boxes

The add subcommand allows us to add a new box. It takes a single argument and a number of optional flags. The argument is a name, URL, or path to a box file. If a name is provided...

Creating our first Vagrant project

Now that we have Vagrant installed on our machine, let's take a look at creating Vagrant projects. Any folder can act as a Vagrant project; it only requires a special configuration file, called the Vagrantfile, within it. Vagrant uses this file to set up the virtual machines (guests) and manage their integration with our computer (or host machine).

Vagrant has a command to create a Vagrantfile within the current directory you are in, within your computer's terminal: the vagrant init command. To create a new project, let's create a new folder anywhere in our system – ideally, somewhere easily reachable, then we need to go into this folder, and run the init command:

Vagrant will then create a Vagrantfile within that folder, and show us a confirmation message:

If we take a look at the contents of this Vagrantfile file that was created, we will see a range of configuration options. Most of the options are commented out (as they are prefixed with a # character...

Managing Vagrant-controlled guest machines

The virtual machines, which Vagrant controls for us, still need to be managed and worked with. We have seen that we can start a Vagrant project with vagrant up. Let's learn more about this command, and see how to perform other operations on our new virtual machine.

Powering up a Vagrant-controlled virtual machine

As we have just seen, we can power up a virtual machine using the vagrant up command. With this command, Vagrant will first check whether a Vagrant environment has already been set up. If a previously suspended environment is found, it will resume that environment.

If the environment was not previously suspended, Vagrant then checks whether the base box has already been downloaded onto the machine. If it hasn't, it will download it, as it did for us when we booted our project with the precise64 box for the first time.

Vagrant will then perform the following actions:

  1. Copy the base box (remember, base boxes are managed globally on our host computer...

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Description

If you are a developer who wants to have your development environment accurately reflect your live servers to tackle the ever-increasing complexity of web and software projects, this book is most certainly intended for you! It's assumed that you know the basics of Linux systems in the context of web-based projects.

Who is this book for?

If you are a developer who wants to have your development environment accurately reflect your live servers to tackle the ever-increasing complexity of web and software projects, this book is most certainly intended for you!

What you will learn

  • Integrate your own machine with the virtual machine of your development environment
  • Install Vagrant on multiple platforms such as Windows, OS X, and Linux
  • Familiarize yourself with Vagrant operations such as port forwarding, disk mapping, and networking
  • Install and manage software packages using Puppet, Ansible, and Chef
  • Set up and control multiple virtual machines simultaneously within the same project
  • Build and manage your own base box for Vagrant
  • Discover how to set up a simple LEMP server for a Vagrant project

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Mar 12, 2015
Length: 156 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784391638
Category :
Cloud & Networking
Concepts :
Networking
Tools :
Vagrant

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Publication date : Mar 12, 2015
Length: 156 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784391638
Category :
Cloud & Networking
Concepts :
Networking
Tools :
Vagrant

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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
1. Getting Started with Vagrant Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1. Getting Started with Vagrant
Introducing Vagrant
Requirements for Vagrant
Getting started
Summary
2. Managing Vagrant Boxes and Projects Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Managing Vagrant Boxes and Projects
Creating our first Vagrant project
Managing Vagrant-controlled guest machines
Managing integration between host and guest machines
Autorunning commands
Managing Vagrant boxes
Too many Vagrants!
Summary
3. Provisioning with Puppet Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Provisioning with Puppet
Provisioning
Puppet
Summary
4. Using Ansible Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Using Ansible
Understanding Ansible
Creating Ansible playbooks
Summary
5. Using Chef Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Using Chef
Knowing about Chef
Creating cookbooks and recipes with Chef
Summary
6. Provisioning Vagrant Machines with Puppet, Ansible, and Chef Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Provisioning Vagrant Machines with Puppet, Ansible, and Chef
Provisioning within Vagrant
Provisioning with Puppet on Vagrant
Provisioning with Ansible on Vagrant
Provisioning with Chef on Vagrant
Provisioning with SSH – a recap
Using multiple provisioners on a single project
Overriding provisioning via the command line
Summary
7. Working with Multiple Machines Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Working with Multiple Machines
Using multiple machines with Vagrant
Connecting to the multiple virtual machines over SSH
Destroying a multimachine project
Summary
8. Creating Your Own Box Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Creating Your Own Box
Getting started
Preparing the VirtualBox machine
VirtualBox Guest Additions
Vagrant authentication
Provisioners
Cleaning up the VM
Export
Summary
9. HashiCorp Atlas Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. HashiCorp Atlas
Discovering boxes
Distributing boxes
Sharing and connecting with Atlas
Summary
A. A Sample LEMP Stack Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. A Sample LEMP Stack
Creating the Vagrant project
Creating the Puppet manifests
Installing the MySQL module
Default manifest
Launching the virtual machine
Summary
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index

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Very good overview of the capabilities of Vagrant using Puppet, Chef & Ansible. I'm a Puppet user and would have liked some more detail on that side, but this will get you started.
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There is only a superficial coverage of a tool that has many possible applications. The source code provided only covers one example from the book. You will be better served by learning from the HashiCorp website and/or other free resources online.
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About the author

Profile icon MICHAEL KEITH PEACOCK
MICHAEL KEITH PEACOCK
Michael Peacock is an experienced software developer and team lead from Newcastle, UK, with a degree in software engineering from the University of Durham. After spending a number of years running his own web agency, and subsequently, working directly for a number of software start-ups, he now runs his own software development agency, working on a range of projects for an array of different clients. He is the author of Creating Development Environments with Vagrant, PHP 5 Social Networking, PHP 5 E-Commerce Development, Drupal 7 Social Networking, and Selling online with Drupal e-Commerce and Building Websites with TYPO3, all by Packt Publishing. The other publications Michael has been involved in include Advanced API Security, Mobile Web Development, Jenkins Continuous Integration Cookbook, and Drupal for Education and E-Learning; for these he acted as a technical reviewer. Michael has also presented at a number of user groups and technical conferences, including PHP UK Conference, Dutch PHP Conference, ConFoo, PHPNE, PHPNW, and Could Connect Santa Clara. You can follow Michael on Twitter (@michaelpeacock), or find out more about him through his website (www.michaelpeacock.co.uk).
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