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SOA Made Simple
SOA Made Simple
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SOA Made Simple

Chapter 2. The Solution

In the previous chapter, you read about the challenges that organizations face in today's fast moving, demanding, and competitive economy. Organizations need to adapt and respond rapidly to customer demands, put new products and services in the market before competitors do, adhere to changing rules and regulations in time, and need to work together with other organizations in changing partnerships. In short, organizations need to be agile. These challenges are hard to solve, even more so because of the frequent misunderstanding between businesses and IT and the problems shared by business and IT such as duplication of data and functionality.

This chapter explains why SOA makes it easier to bridge this gap, making sure IT can deliver what the business needs to be successful by creating a more flexible architecture. The chapter is divided into the following sections:

  • What is a service?: The first part explains what services are and discusses some of the important concepts...

What is a service?


SOA is about services. So, let us start there. What is a service? Informally, and in the broadest sense of the word, a service is something useful a provider does for a consumer. Products can be considered a service too. Services can be paid for since the producer has created added value during their production. A service can be something tangible like a carton of milk, a car, a new house but also something intangible such as travel insurance or medical treatment. Services can be simple like fixing a bike. However, there are also more complex services such as purchasing a new smartphone together with a flexible phone plan including 300 free text messages a month, and the accompanying advice from a provider's sales representative. These more complex services are thus composed of various other services.

In short, a service is an economic term to describe the goods and services that organizations and people produce, sell to one another, and buy from each other. Services...

Drivers for services


The international insurance company wanted to re-use OrderService. Reuse is not the goal here, but the means to an end: cost-reduction or faster time-to-market. The following are drivers for SOA and services:

  • Flexibility: Services are small building blocks with a limited and clear set of capabilities. That means it is easier to support the changing requirements of your organization. Your IT landscape is more modular, preventing domino effects for changes in software.

  • Standardization: Services are frequently provided using open standards thereby hiding the underlying technical complexity and details. This makes the consumers and the organization as whole more vendor-independent. A consumer can still use a service, even if it is provided by another system as long as it uses the same interface. Almost all large vendors support open standards such as REST, SOAP, WSDL, WS-*, XML, and so on.

  • Cost reduction: Reusing a service is cheaper than building, maintaining, and hosting...

Putting it together – what is SOA?


Service Oriented Architecture is a reference architecture that is based on services. This means that SOA is a specific structured approach, based on services.

If architecture is defined from the perspective of services, it is called "service-oriented" or SOA in short.

Note

Service-orientation can be applied on all levels: business level (the breakfast example), information level (applications delivering services to realize business processes), and technology level (web services such as OrderService, services provided by infrastructure such as storage or high-availability, and so on).

According to The Open Group, a global consortium that enables the achievement of business objectives through IT standards, SOA has a set of distinctive features:

It (SOA) is based on the design of the services—which mirrors real-world business activities—comprising the enterprise (or inter-enterprise) business processes.

Service representation utilizes business descriptions to provide...

Solutions


Now that you have a basic understanding of SOA and services. Let's take another look at the problems discussed in the previous chapter and see how SOA can offer a solution.

Example – utility company

Let's review the stated problem for the utility company and see how SOA can help:

Note

Problem: Organizations can't be changed fast enough because there is one big IT system with a lot of relationships between different entities.

The company had problems splitting up their business, because of the monolithic system that was used to support their business activities. The following figure shows the difference between the two architectures schematically:

The left-hand side shows the monolithic architecture from the previous chapter. The left-hand side shows the services as they are offered by the different domains. The services are connected together in the user interface, other services, and process applications. Some Services (Service 5 in the CRM domain, service 2 in the Accounting domain...

Summary


This chapter revisited the problems stated in the previous chapter. Organizations need to be agile since they are confronted with changing external and internal drivers. The better an organization deals with these changes, the more successful it is.

You have seen how SOA can help address issues such as duplication of data and functionality, increase flexibility, and speed up time-to-market of new solutions. To do so you have first explored the concepts of SOA; the cornerstone of SOA is services. In the broadest sense of the word, a service is something useful a provider offers to consumers. This can be something tangible like a carton of milk, or something intangible such as an insurance product. A service in terms of SOA is regarded as a set of capabilities that belong together and whose capabilities are accessible to consumers. Services are building blocks that are well-defined, possibly reusable, and provide business value. Every service has a contract, interface, and implementation...

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Key benefits

  • Get to grips with clear definitions of "Service" and "Architecture" to understand the full SOA picture
  • Read about SOA in simple terms from Oracle ACE Directors for SOA and Middleware in this book and e-book
  • A concise, no-nonsense guide to demystifying Service Oriented Architecture

Description

SOA is an industry term which is often preached like a religion rather than taught like a technology, and over time, grasping the concept has become unnecessarily difficult. Many companies proclaim that they don't know where to begin with SOA, while others have begun their SOA effort but haven't reaped the benefits they were convinced it would bring. "SOA Made Simple"ù unveils the true meaning of Service Oriented Architecture and how to make it successful so that you can confidently explain SOA to anyone! "SOA Made Simple"ù explains exactly what SOA is in simple terminology and by using real-life examples. Once a simple definition is clear in your mind, you'll be guided through what SOA solves, when and why you should use it, and how to set up, design and categorize your SOA landscape. With this book in hand you'll learn to keep your SOA strategy successful as you expand on it. "SOA Made Simple"ù demystifies SOA, simply. It is not difficult to grasp, but for various reasons SOA is often made unnecessarily complex. Service-orientation is already a very natural way of thinking for business stakeholders that want to realize and sell services to potential clients, and this book helps you to realize that concept both in theory and practice. You'll begin with a clear and simple explanation of what SOA is and why we need it. You'll then be presented with plain facts about the key ingredients of a service, and along the way learn about service design, layering and categorizing, some major SOA platform offerings as well as governance and successful implementation. After reading "SOA Made Simple"ù you will have a clear understanding of what SOA is so you can implement and govern SOA in your own organization.

Who is this book for?

If you are an architect who wants to be completely clear in your understanding of what SOA is, then this book is essential. In fact, anyone (designer, developer, administrator or team lead) who is implementing or about to implement an architecture in an IT environment should not miss out on "SOA Made Simple"ù. Some previous experience with general software architecture is required, but this guide will tell you everything you need to know about SOA in a clear and easy fashion.

What you will learn

  • Start logically by understanding the misalignment of IT and Business and the problems it causes
  • Gradually learn about the solution to this misalignment with SOA concepts such as service, solution architecture, and more
  • Put together clear definitions of "Service" and "Architecture" to understand the full SOA picture
  • Fully understand how to distinguish between both well and badly designed services and pinpoint the reasons for each
  • Get to grips with the different service layers, guidelines and principles of service design
  • Learn about the building blocks of SOA, like BPM and Enterprise Service Bus
  • Dive into the realization and maintenance of your SOA once the concept is clear
  • Think about SOA in historic perspective: the evolution from EAI, CBD, OO and so on
  • Understand how to pick your battles once you finally get started with SOA to make it a successful effort in your own organization!

Product Details

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Publication date : Dec 20, 2012
Length: 292 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781849684170
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Product Details

Publication date : Dec 20, 2012
Length: 292 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781849684170
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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
Understanding the Problem Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Solution Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Service Identification and Design Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Classification of Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The SOA Platform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Solution Architectures Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creating a Roadmap, How to Spend Your Money and When? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Life Cycle Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Pick your Battles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Methodologies and SOA Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Rich Burke Mar 28, 2013
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I purchased this book for the sole purpose to get myself familiarized with SOA concepts and principles. I was not looking for anything too detailed but rather a way to educate myself on what SOA is, how it is implemented, terminology and use cases. I found this book to be exactly what I was looking for. The concepts and principles were laid out in easy to understand language with just the right amount of detail.I did find some of the charts and figures somewhat abstract, but the text was very clear, the use cases relevant, and it was all very easy to understand.I would highly recommend this book to anybody as a first step to understanding SOA.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sottam May 22, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I have read this book in a week. Gave me some edge knowledge on SOA infrastructure, and goes directly to the point. The title of the book is self-explanatory of what this reading is about.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Eric R. Feb 25, 2013
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There is good, practical coverage of topics such as building the SOA business case and roadmap, service identification, service versioning and governance.The section on operationalizing SOA was particularly well written. This is often a gap or an afterthought in deployments. It has always been my strong believe that the entire SOA lifecycle needs to mature over time.It's obvious this book was written by SOA practitioners and not theorist like many of the early SOA books. I enjoyed the pragmatic approach and recommend the book to new SOA practitioners.The entire review is on my blog at -[...]
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Frank Nimphius Feb 20, 2013
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Just finished reading "SOA Made Simple" by Lonneke Dikmans and Ronald van Luttikhuizen, published in 12/2012 by Packt Publishing and use this summary to share my thoughts."SOA Made Simple" is a very good book that - beside of helping readers to do SOA right - will have an impact to how you look at going out for breakfast. The "breakfast example" is one of the great samples that the authors consistently use throughout the book.In addition, this book is well written and covers really no fluff but just stuff. Reading this book you learn what SOA is, the benefit it brings to IT, as well as how you design and model your SOA and services. Whenever Packt asks me to review and write about a new book, I ask for a printed copy so I can annotate the page with comments and questions. My copy of this 257 page book has a lot of annotations, mostly about information I want to share in my review.Too many annotations, which clearly indicates I liked the book, though I am not directly involved in SOA (which probably makes me the perfect candidate for reading this book). According to the Preface, yes I read this too, the book is "for anyone (architect, designer, developer, administrator, team lead) who is implementing or is about to implement SOA in anIT-related environmenet". Well, I would call this mission accomplished and recommend you to buy this book for your learning and career.So lets have a look what this book covers and what I liked so much:Chapter 1: Understanding the ProblemThis chapter is a well structured introduction to the current state of IT that leads to a problem statement that demands for SOA to come for the rescue. However, though A SOA book, the authors don't make it too obvious that SOA is the answer. The chapter also gives you some questions by hand you should ask before starting a SOA project so you ensure your decision is right before starting a SOA project. This chapter also introduces the examples (I already mentioned the diner for breakfast, but there also is an insurance business and others).Chapter 2: The SolutionThis chapter introduces services and the SOA term. It does so not from a pure technical perspective and without calling WS* services too soon. Or would you have considered the waiter service in a diner to be a service? In fact it is and therefore services don't need to be SOAP or REST to be called a service. SOAP and REST come into play later, when the talk is about standards and SOA.Chapter 3: Service Identification and DesignThis chapter introduces various concepts around the design of services like top-down, bottom-up and meet-in-the-middle. Walking towards WS services, this chapter summarizes and explains service characteristics. Unless you are a WS expert already, this is one of the chapters that really help you to understand what a service should be, how isolated and de-coupled it must/can be and how complex IT architectures can be mapped to a sensible service oriented architecture.Here you get a good analogy of services to lasagna (really good examples that stick as pictures)Ps.: As a note to the publisher, I think the images on page 73 and 74 are in the wrong order. Too late though, the ink has dried.Chapter 4: Classification of ServicesThis chapter allows you to organize services into elementary services, composite services and process services. It also covers the difference between service composition (BPM/BPEL) and aggregation (ESB, client). Other concepts for organizing services in this book are: granularity, actor (who works with a service), channel of access, security requirements and many more.Chapter 5: The SOA PlatformThis chapter switches gear for a moment and uses SOA terminology that hasn't been introduced until here but is getting explained in the following. The chapter also talks about REST and SOAP services as first class citizen technologies in a SOA. This chapter thus is where you learn about ESB, BPM, Case Management, Events, Business rules and user interfaces to SOA (which is also where Oracle ADF gets its mentioning). A lot of pages are dedicated to service security, design and develpment tools.Chapter 6: Solution ArchitecturesChapter 6 is one of my favorites and compares SOA offerings and suites provided by Oracle, IBM and Microsoft, allowing readers to understand what each of these vendors has to offer and how products could integrate. The chapter doesn't announce a winner, which I think would be a bad move for a generic SOA book, but really saves you from investigating this yourself. As the authors stress it, it is important to understand what is best in breed for a project and where you shop this best looking at the full package.Chapter 7: Creating a Roadmap, How to Spend Your Money and WhenThis chapter discusses what it takes to implement SOA in a company: stake holders, requirements, wrong and right expectations, benefits and money gains. Personally I think the graph on page 1999 is a great idea for showing what you can expect on each of the stages involved when implementing SOA. Its really well done.Chapter 8: Life Cycle ManagementWhat you build today is what you maintain tomorrow and throw away the day after tomorrow. This basically is what the authors call the the lifecycle of SOA solutions. and in fact its all about change management and the conflict that exists between developer and administration personnel that both have a different agenda. Governance plays into this as well. Basically you learn that you need to keep the "eye on the bal" during the realization of SOA architectures.Chapter 9: Pick your BattlesThis chapter is all about how to get people to buy in to a SOA architecture and how to ensure that the implementation - especially when implemented in distributed teams and by different departments - follows defined rules and definitions without being prohibitive to change.Chapter 10: Methodologies and SOAThis chapter discusses the impact SOA has to different aspects of software development and provides methodologies to use.In case you did not order the book while reading my review, here's a dense list for why you should:- Clear story line- Chapters that make sense and float- No fluff just stuff- Explaining complex concepts simple in real life examples- Back / Forward references- External document references- Good SOA coverage from a project perspective looking at SOA as a whole and not just services The one thing I wanted to have immediately when reading this book was a second book that closely follows this book's chapters and that - by example - shows how to implement various SOA components for people to have example code and instructions. This could be using the Oracle stack (preferred) but also would be valuable for any of the other introduced vendors. However, code and implementation samples was not in focus for this book and this is good the way it is. Frank
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Jason G Buck Mar 06, 2013
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This book was written to a specific audience and covers the real-world SOA concepts, methodologies, and tools very effectively. I was happy to discover that it wasn't written at such a high level that concepts appeared inapplicable in the real world. I also appreciated the fact that it didn't dwelve into the details or focus on SOA from a specific vendor's point of view. There are other books for that! Overall, this book was very informative and an excellent read.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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