Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) is a technique used to prevent memory-based exploits. It works by replacing the standard memory layout of the program and data with a randomized one. This means an attacker cannot reliably jump to a particular function that would otherwise be present on a system without ASLR.
This technique can be made even more effective when combined with no-execute (NX) bit support. The NX bit marks certain pages in the memory, such as the heap and stack, as containing only data that cannot be executed. NX bit support has been implemented in most mainstream operating systems and can be used whenever hardware supports it.
