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Beginning DevOps with Docker
Beginning DevOps with Docker

Beginning DevOps with Docker: Automate the deployment of your environment with the power of the Docker toolchain

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Beginning DevOps with Docker

Chapter 2. Application Container Management

In this lesson, we will scale one of the containers we built into a multi-tier setup. This will involve splitting the application into different logical sections. For example, we could have an application running on a Docker container and the application's data in a separate database container; however, both should work as a single entity. For this, we will use Docker's tool for running multi-container applications. The tool goes by the name docker-compose. In summary, docker-compose is the tool used for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.

Lesson Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

  • Get an overview of a multi-container application setup
  • Work through the docker-compose file and CLI
  • Manage multiple containers and distributed application bundles
  • Set up a network with docker-compose
  • Handle and debug the different application layers

The docker-compose Tool

Let's begin the lesson by looking at what a multi-container setup is, why it is important, and how Docker, with the tool docker-compose, works like a charm in such scenarios.

We have recently been introduced to how applications work, with their separate elements: frontend, backend, and database.

To run such a multi-tier application using Docker, one would need to run the following commands to spin up the containers in different terminal sessions:

- docker run <front-end>
- docker run <back-end>
- docker run <database>

Note

You can run docker run with (-d) as detached to prevent us from running the three commands in separate sessions, for example: docker run <front-end> -d

That said, it even becomes particularly tasking linking different containers (networking).

docker-compose comes in to save the day. We can define and run multi-containers from one file - docker-compose.yml. In the following topics, we'll discuss this further. First,...

Overview of a Multi-Container Application Setup

In the previous lesson, we introduced Docker and containerization. We ran sample Python and JavaScript scripts as demonstrations of how applications can be containerized and how images can be built. We are now ready to run an application that goes beyond that.

In a Dockerfile, every line describes a layer. The union filesystem used in Docker allows different directories to transparently overlay, forming a single, coherent filesystem. The foundational layer is always an image which you build upon. Each additional line with a command, say, RUN, CMD, and so on, adds a layer to it. The advantage of layers is that as long as the layer has not been modified, it will not bother building that part of the image. Secondly, as an image is pulled from a Docker image registry, it is pulled in layers, therefore mitigating issues such as connection cuts during pulling and pushing of images.

Many applications are built under a common structure: frontend, backend...

Managing Multiple Containers and Distributed Application Bundles

This is the docker-compose.yml for running a Django application. A similar application can be found in the docker-compose documentation under the Django example.

Download the Django example from: ttps://docs.docker.com/compose/django/:

Managing Multiple Containers and Distributed Application Bundles

Note

Refer the complete code placed at Code/Lesson-2/django-docker-compose.yml.

Go to https://goo.gl/H624J1 to access the code.

Improve a Docker Workflow

To give more context on how docker-compose is involved and how it improves a Docker workflow.

  1. Create a new directory and name it django_docker.
  2. In the django-docker directory, create a new docker-compose.yml and add the information in the figure above, or in the django-docker-compose.yml script provided.
  3. Create a new Dockerfile and add the content in the Dockerfile script provided.
  4. Create a requirements file; simply copy the django-requirements.txt file provided.
  5. Run docker-compose up and observe the logs.

Notice that we are able to spin up both containers...

Networking with docker-compose

By default, docker-compose sets up a single network for your application(s) where each container can reach and discover other containers.

The network is given a name based on the name of the directory it lives in. Thus, if your directory is called py_docker, when your run docker-compose up, the network created is called py_docker_default.

We mentioned ports in the previous topic, when creating the WordPress container. To explain networking better, we'll use the docker-compose.yml used to spin up a WordPress application:

Networking with docker-compose

In this file, we have two services: db and wordpress.

In the WordPress service, we have the ports option mapping port 80 to port 8000. No wonder, the WordPress app runs on 0.0.0.0:8000 on our browsers.

The ports option is not in the db service. However, if you go to the docker hub page for mysql, you'll notice that port 3306 is exposed. This is the standard port for MySQL. You can obtain more information on MySQL from: https://hub.docker...

Summary

In this lesson, we have done the following:

  • Discussed and displayed a multi-container setup
  • Walked through docker-compose commands to build and run multiple containers in a parallel manner
  • Gained a high-level understanding of networking containers and how data is persisted in a container from local machines
  • Built and run applications without even setting them up, via Docker Hub
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Key benefits

  • Learn how to structure your own Docker containers
  • Create and manage multiple configuration images
  • Understand how to scale and deploy bespoke environments

Description

Making sure that your application runs across different systems as intended is quickly becoming a standard development requirement. With Docker, you can ensure that what you build will behave the way you expect it to, regardless of where it's deployed. By guiding you through Docker from start to finish (from installation, to the Docker Registry, all the way through to working with Docker Swarms), we’ll equip you with the skills you need to migrate your workflow to Docker with complete confidence.

Who is this book for?

This book is ideal for developers, system architects and site reliability engineers (SREs) who wish to adopt a Docker-based workflow for consistency, speed and isolation of system resources within their applications. You’ll need to be comfortable working with the command line.

What you will learn

  • Learn to design and build containers for different kinds of applications
  • Create a testing environment to identify issues that may cause production deployments to fail
  • Discover how you can correctly structure and manage a multi-tier environment
  • Run, debug, and experiment with example applications in Docker containers
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Publication date : May 29, 2018
Length: 96 pages
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Table of Contents

4 Chapters
1. Images and Containers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Application Container Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Orchestration and Delivery Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.9
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Rohith Sep 21, 2023
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Gary Waltman Jul 07, 2019
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Easy read
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Amazon Customer Jun 14, 2018
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Excellent book.
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Dominic Motuka Jul 09, 2018
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Joseph has a solid grasp of the subject and understands that DevOps is more than just a series of scripts written and maintained by the (mostly) operations staff that tries to run with DevOps. Docker has been introduced to us ( the readers ) in a simple way.Well written and nicely illustrated with color images. This is an excellent introduction to Docker.
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NdagiStanley Aug 22, 2018
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Beginning DevOps with Docker is a must-read for individuals who expect proper code and written analogies that will enhance their understanding of the overall use of docker in DevOps. The docker commands are well explained, everything to get you from beginner to guru.
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