A simple processor
The 6502 processor architecture and a small subset of its instructions were introduced in Chapter 1, Introducing Computer Architecture. In this section, we will build upon that introduction to present the generic functional components universally employed in processor architectures, from the tiniest embedded controllers to the most powerful server CPUs.
The integrated circuit at the core of a computer system goes by a few different names: the Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor, or, simply, processor. A microprocessor is a single integrated circuit that implements the functions of a processor. This book will refer to all categories of CPUs and microprocessors as processors.
A typical processor contains three logically distinct functional units:
- The control unit, which manages the overall operation of the device: This management activity includes fetching the next instruction from memory, decoding the instruction to determine the operation...
