Most embedded applications are optimized for performance. As discussed earlier, the target CPU is chosen to be cost-efficient and developers extract all the computation power that it is capable of. An additional factor is communication with peripheral hardware. This often requires precise and fast reaction times. As a result, there is only limited room for the scripting, interpretable, bytecode languages such as Python or Java. Most of the embedded programs are written in languages that compile into the native code, primarily C and C++.
To achieve maximum performance, embedded programs utilize all the performance optimization capabilities of compilers. Modern compilers are so good at code optimization that they can outperform code in assembly language written by skilled developers.
However, engineers cannot rely solely on the performance optimizations provided by compilers. To achieve maximum efficiency, they have to take into account the specifics of the target platform. Coding practices that are commonly used for desktop or server applications running on an x86 platform may be inefficient for different architectures such as ARM or MIPS. The utilization of specific features of the target architecture often gives a significant performance boost to the program.
