Synchronization techniques
In this section, we're going to talk about the synchronization techniques, or concurrency control techniques, or concurrent control mechanisms, that are used to overcome intrinsic concurrency-related issues. Looking back at what we've explained so far, control mechanisms try to overcome the problems that a portion of interleavings may cause in a system.
Each concurrent system has its own invariant constraints, and not all interleavings are going to keep all of them satisfied. For those interleavings that dissatisfy the system's invariant constraints, we need to invent a method to impose a specific order between instructions. In other words, we should create new interleavings that satisfy the invariant constraint and replace the bad interleavings with them. After using a certain synchronization technique, we will have a totally new concurrent system with some new interleavings, and our hope is that the new system is going to keep the invariant...
