You can use the command sudo -lU to display a list of the sudo commands a user can run:
sudo -lU username
For example, you can run the command:
root@ubuntu-linux:~# sudo -lU smurf
Matching Defaults entries for smurf on ubuntu-linux:
env_reset, mail_badpass
User smurf may run the following commands on ubuntu-linux:
(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/useradd, /usr/bin/apt-get install terminator
to list all the sudo commands that can be run by user smurf.
If a user is not allowed to run any sudo commands, the output of the command sudo-lU will be as follows:
root@ubuntu-linux:~# sudo -lU rachel
User rachel is not allowed to run sudo on ubuntu-linux.