Computing the norm and determinant

This subsection will introduce two important values in linear algebra, namely the norm and determinant. Briefly, the norm gives length of a vector. The most commonly used norm is the L²-norm, which is also known as the Euclidean norm. Formally, the L^p-norm of x is calculated as follows:

The L⁰-norm is actually the cardinality of a vector. You can calculate it by just counting the total number of non-zero elements. For example, the vector A =[2,5,9,0] contains three non-zero elements, therefore ||A||₀ = 3. The following code block shows the same norm calculation with numpy:

In [24]: import numpy as np 
         x = np.array([2,5,9,0]) 
         np.linalg.norm(x,ord=0)
Out[24]: 3.0 

In NumPy, you can calculate the norm of the vector with the use of the linalg.norm() method. The first parameter is the input array and the ord parameter is for order...