Exercise

1. In your own words, what are the differences and similarities between normalization and standardization? How come some use them interchangeably?
2. There are two instances of data transformation done during the discussion of binary coding, ranking transformation, and discretization that can be labeled as massaging. Try to spot them and explain how come they can be labeled that way.
3. Of course, we know that one of the ways that the color of a data object is presented is by using their names. This is why we would assume color probably should be a nominal attribute. However, you can transform this usually nominal attribute to a numerical one. What are the two possible approaches? (Hint: one of them is an attribute construction using RGB coding.) Apply the two approaches to the following small dataset. The data shown in the table below is accessible in the color_nominal.csv file:

   Figure 14.27 – color_nominal.csv

   Once after binary codding and once after RGB attribute...