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Home > Web Development > Web Programming > Learning WebRTC
Learning WebRTC
Learning WebRTC

Learning WebRTC: Develop interactive real-time communication applications with WebRTC

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Profile Icon Daniel M. Ristic
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$17.99 $25.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4 (5 Ratings)
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eBook Jun 2015 186 pages 1st Edition
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Learning WebRTC

Chapter 2. Getting the User's Media

Obtaining a live video and audio feed from a user's webcam and microphone is the first step to creating a communication platform on WebRTC. This has traditionally been done through browser plugins, but we will use the getUserMedia API to do this all in JavaScript.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Getting access to media devices
  • Constraining the media stream
  • Handling multiple devices
  • Modifying the stream data

Getting access to media devices

There has been a long history behind trying to get media devices to the browser screen. Many have struggled with various Flash-based or other plugin-based solutions that required you to download and install something in your browser to be able to capture the user's camera. This is why the W3C decided to finally create a group to bring this functionality into the browser. The latest browsers now give the JavaScript access to the getUserMedia API, also known as the MediaStream API.

This API has a few key points of functionality:

  • It provides a stream object that represents a real-time media stream, either in the form of audio or video
  • It handles the selection of input devices when there are multiple cameras or microphones connected to the computer
  • It provides security through user preferences and permissions that ask the user before a web page can start fetching a stream from a computer's device

Before we move any further, we should set a few standards...

Constraining the media stream

Now that we know how to get a stream from the browser, we will cover configuring this stream using the first parameter of the getUserMedia API. This parameter expects an object of keys and values telling the browser how to look for and process streams coming from the connected devices. The first options we will cover are simply turning on or off the video or audio streams:

navigator.getUserMedia({ video: false, audio: true }, function (stream) {
  // Now our stream does not contain any video!
});

When you add this stream to the <video> element, it will now not show any video coming from the camera. You can also do the opposite and get just a video feed and no audio. This is great while developing a WebRTC application when you do not want to listen to yourself talk all day!

Tip

Typically, you will be calling yourself a lot while developing the WebRTC applications. This creates the phenomenon known as audio feedback where you are being recorded through the...

Handling multiple devices

In some cases, users may have more than one camera or microphone attached to their device. This is especially the case on mobile devices that often have a front-facing camera and a rear-facing one. In this case, you want to search through the available cameras or microphones and select the appropriate device for your user's needs. Fortunately, to do this, an API called MediaSourceTrack is exposed to the browser.

Note

On the other hand, since many of these APIs are still being created, not everything will be supported by all the browsers. This is especially the case with MediaSourceTrack, which is only supported in the latest version of Chrome at the time of writing this book.

With MediaSourceTrack, we can ask for a list of devices and select the one we need:

MediaStreamTrack.getSources(function(sources) {
    var audioSource = null;
    var videoSource = null;
    for (var i = 0; i < sources.length; ++i) {
      var source = sources[i];
      if(source.kind...

Modifying the media stream

We can take this project even further. Most image sharing applications today have some set of filters that you can apply to your images to make them look even cooler. This is also possible on the Web using CSS filters to provide different effects. We can add some CSS classes that apply different filters to our <canvas> element:

<style>
      .grayscale {
        -webkit-filter: grayscale(1);
        -moz-filter: grayscale(1);
        -ms-filter: grayscale(1);
        -o-filter: grayscale(1);
        filter: grayscale(1);
      }

      .sepia {
        -webkit-filter: sepia(1);
        -moz-filter: sepia(1);
        -ms-filter: sepia(1);
        -o-filter: sepia(1);
        filter: sepia(1);
      }

      .invert {
        -webkit-filter: invert(1);
        -moz-filter: invert(1);
        -ms-filter: invert(1);
        -o-filter: invert(1);
        filter: invert(1);
      }
    </style>

And, also some JavaScript to change the filter on click...

Self-test questions

Q1. The browser will allow camera and microphone access even if the current page is opened as a file and not being served from a web server. True or false?

Q2. Which one of the following is not a correct browser prefix?

  1. webkitGetUserMedia
  2. mozGetUserMedia
  3. blinkGetUserMedia
  4. msGetUserMedia

Q3. The getUserMedia API will call the third argument as a function if an error happens while obtaining the camera or microphone stream. True or false?

Q4. Which one of the following does constraining the video stream not help with?

  1. Securing the video stream
  2. Saving processing power
  3. Providing a good user experience
  4. Saving bandwidth

Q5. The getUserMedia API can be combined with the Canvas API and CSS filters to add even more features to your application. True or false?

Getting access to media devices

There has been a long history behind trying to get media devices to the browser screen. Many have struggled with various Flash-based or other plugin-based solutions that required you to download and install something in your browser to be able to capture the user's camera. This is why the W3C decided to finally create a group to bring this functionality into the browser. The latest browsers now give the JavaScript access to the getUserMedia API, also known as the MediaStream API.

This API has a few key points of functionality:

  • It provides a stream object that represents a real-time media stream, either in the form of audio or video

  • It handles the selection of input devices when there are multiple cameras or microphones connected to the computer

  • It provides security through user preferences and permissions that ask the user before a web page can start fetching a stream from a computer's device

Before we move any further, we should set a few standards about our coding...

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Description

If you are a web developer who wants to create well designed WebRTC applications for your users, this is the book for you. Even if you are early in your web development career, this book aims to provide a complete understanding of the WebRTC API. It is assumed that you have previous exposure to web development using HTML5 and JavaScript technologies.

Who is this book for?

If you are a web developer who wants to create well designed WebRTC applications for your users, this is the book for you. Even if you are early in your web development career, this book aims to provide a complete understanding of the WebRTC API. It is assumed that you have previous exposure to web development using HTML5 and JavaScript technologies.

What you will learn

  • Understand the underlying platform that WebRTC is built upon
  • Create applications that utilize your web camera and microphone
  • Build your very own signaling server from scratch
  • Enable your applications to communicate with multiple users
  • Share data and files across peertopeer connections using WebRTC
  • Implement best practices to secure and make a WebRTC application perform
  • Get to know more about multipeer mesh networks for more than two users
  • Learn the best practices behind traversing networks, signaling, security, and data transport in WebRTC applications
  • Use full mesh networks, partial mesh networks, and multipoint control units to manage your applications

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jun 30, 2015
Length: 186 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783983674
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
C
Concepts :
Web Programming
Tools :
WebRTC

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Publication date : Jun 30, 2015
Length: 186 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783983674
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
C
Concepts :
Web Programming
Tools :
WebRTC

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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. Getting Started with WebRTC Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1. Getting Started with WebRTC
Audio and video communication today
Enabling audio and video on the Web
Creating web standards
Using WebRTC in your browser
Applications enabled by WebRTC
Self-test questions
Summary
2. Getting the User's Media Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Getting the User's Media
Getting access to media devices
Constraining the media stream
Handling multiple devices
Modifying the media stream
Self-test questions
Summary
3. Creating a Basic WebRTC Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Creating a Basic WebRTC Application
Understanding UDP transport and real-time transfer
The WebRTC API
Building a basic WebRTC application
Running your first WebRTC application
Self-test questions
Summary
4. Creating a Signaling Server Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Creating a Signaling Server
Building a signaling server
Setting up our environment
Getting a connection
Identifying users
Initiating a call
Answering a call
Handling ICE candidates
Hanging up a call
Complete signaling server
Signaling in the real world
Self-test questions
Summary
5. Connecting Clients Together Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Connecting Clients Together
The client application
Setting up the page
Getting a connection
Logging in to the application
Initiating a call
Hanging up a call
A complete WebRTC client
Improving the application
Self-test questions
Summary
6. Sending Data with WebRTC Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Sending Data with WebRTC
Stream Control Transmission Protocol and data transportation
The RTCDataChannel object
Encryption and security
Adding text-based chat
Use cases
Self-test questions
Summary
7. File Sharing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. File Sharing
Getting a file with the File API
Breaking down a file into chunks
Putting it together on the other side
Showing progress to the user
Self-test questions
Summary
8. Advanced Security and Large-scale Optimization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Advanced Security and Large-scale Optimization
Securing the signaling server
Supporting mobile devices
Introduction to mesh networking
Video conferencing with more users
The future of conference calls
Self-test questions
Summary
A. Answers to Self-test Questions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. Answers to Self-test Questions
Chapter 1, Getting Started with WebRTC
Chapter 2, Getting the User's Media
Chapter 3, Creating a Basic WebRTC Application
Chapter 4, Creating a Signaling Server
Chapter 5, Connecting Clients Together
Chapter 6, Sending Data with WebRTC
Chapter 7, File Sharing
Chapter 8, Advanced Security and Large-scale Optimization
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index

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Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
(5 Ratings)
5 star 40%
4 star 40%
3 star 0%
2 star 20%
1 star 0%
Carlos Camacho Aug 27, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
General pros+ This book is a quite good reference to learn WebRTC, quite basic but it contains a lot of information on how to get it runing using several examples.+ Self tests to check what you have learned.+ Quick explanation.+ Lot of examples.+ To be read in 1 week (1 hour daily).General cons- Not related to the book as this is a basic book, we were trying to reach some scalable broadcasting solution over WebRTC, and there is no solution covered by WebRTC yet.A realy good book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Sep 02, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
great job.Sometimes code quirks especially at dataChannel section.But the code example is well organized and well explained.Thanks
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sunny Jul 09, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
A good book to start.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Yahamid Jul 24, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
This is my third reading on the topic of WebRTC. Being a person oriented with the topic, I think it's relatively basic for me but still I found some new information out of it here and there.For beginners, I think this is a good book to start with. It's quite short book (cannot tell the number of pages as I read it online in a few hours) but my perception is that anyone with sufficient of understanding of how Web and the Internet works, it will be a quick read along with testing the sample codes.A good thing is that at the end of chapters there are also certain self-test questions, a cool thing!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Alexander Pabel Mar 27, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
The book is written good and contains lots of informations what is good but unfortunately the code is not working. Maybe because the code is to old and deprecated. For the price of a new book i would expect at least that most of the code is up to date.
Amazon Verified review Amazon

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About the author

Profile icon Daniel M. Ristic
Daniel M. Ristic
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Dan Ristic is a frontend engineer and evangelist for Open Web. He strives to push the Web forward with new and creative ideas using the latest technologies. He attended the University of Advancing Technology, Arizona, where he furthered his engineering knowledge and fueled his passion for the Web. He has been writing applications on the Web ever since. He currently lives and works in San Francisco as a senior software engineer at Sony Network Entertainment International. At Sony, he is responsible for managing the frontend application architecture and delivering the PlayStation Store to millions of users. In his free time, he can be found hiking, exploring, working on projects, and attending events.
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