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Causal Inference and Discovery in Python

You're reading from   Causal Inference and Discovery in Python Unlock the secrets of modern causal machine learning with DoWhy, EconML, PyTorch and more

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Product type Paperback
Published in May 2023
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781804612989
Length 456 pages
Edition 1st Edition
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Author (1):
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Aleksander Molak Aleksander Molak
Author Profile Icon Aleksander Molak
Aleksander Molak
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Table of Contents (21) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Part 1: Causality – an Introduction
2. Chapter 1: Causality – Hey, We Have Machine Learning, So Why Even Bother? FREE CHAPTER 3. Chapter 2: Judea Pearl and the Ladder of Causation 4. Chapter 3: Regression, Observations, and Interventions 5. Chapter 4: Graphical Models 6. Chapter 5: Forks, Chains, and Immoralities 7. Part 2: Causal Inference
8. Chapter 6: Nodes, Edges, and Statistical (In)dependence 9. Chapter 7: The Four-Step Process of Causal Inference 10. Chapter 8: Causal Models – Assumptions and Challenges 11. Chapter 9: Causal Inference and Machine Learning – from Matching to Meta-Learners 12. Chapter 10: Causal Inference and Machine Learning – Advanced Estimators, Experiments, Evaluations, and More 13. Chapter 11: Causal Inference and Machine Learning – Deep Learning, NLP, and Beyond 14. Part 3: Causal Discovery
15. Chapter 12: Can I Have a Causal Graph, Please? 16. Chapter 13: Causal Discovery and Machine Learning – from Assumptions to Applications 17. Chapter 14: Causal Discovery and Machine Learning – Advanced Deep Learning and Beyond 18. Chapter 15: Epilogue 19. Index 20. Other Books You May Enjoy

Step 3 – obtaining estimates

In this section, we’ll compute causal effect estimates for our model.

Computing estimates using DoWhy is as simple as it can be. To do it, we need to call the .estimate_effect() method of our CausalModel object:

estimate = model.estimate_effect(
    identified_estimand=estimand,
    method_name='frontdoor.two_stage_regression')

We pass two arguments to the method:

  • Our identified estimand
  • The name of the method that will be used to compute the estimate

You might recall from Chapter 6 that we needed to fit two linear regression models, get their coefficients, and multiply them in order to obtain the final causal effect estimate. DoWhy makes this process much easier for us.

Let’s print out the result:

print(f'Estimate of causal effect (
    linear regression): {estimate.value}')

This gives us the following output:

Estimate...
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