Object-oriented programming in Python

The object-oriented features of any programming language teach us how to deal with classes and objects. The same is the case for Python. The general object-oriented features that we shall be covering are the following:

• Classes and objects
• Class relationships: inheritance, composition, association, and aggregation
• Abstract classes
• Polymorphism
• Static, instance, and class methods and variables

Classes and objects

A class can be thought of as a template or a blueprint that contains the definition of the method and the variables that are to be used with objects of that class. An object is nothing but an instance of the class, which contains actual values rather than variables. A class can...