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Professional CSS3
Professional CSS3

Professional CSS3: Harness the power of CSS3 to design stunning, modern websites

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Professional CSS3

Chapter 2. Mastering of Fundamentals

This chapter will master the box model, floating troubleshooting positioning, and display types. After this chapter, you will be more aware of the foundations of HTML and CSS.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Gaining knowledge about the traditional box model
  • Basics of floating elements
  • Foundations of positioning elements on a web page
  • Gaining knowledge about display types

Traditional box model

An understanding of the box model is the foundation of CSS theories. You have to know the impact of width, height, margin, and borders on the size of the box and how you can manage it to match the elements on a website. The main questions for coders and frontend developers in interviews are based on box model theories. Let's begin this important chapter, which will be the foundation for every upcoming subject.

Padding/margin/border/width/height

The ingredients of the final width and height of the box are as follows:

  • Width
  • Height
  • Margins
  • Paddings
  • Borders

For better understanding of the box model, the following is an image from Google Chrome inspector:

Padding/margin/border/width/height

For more clarity and better understanding of the box model, let's analyze the following image:

Padding/margin/border/width/height

In the preceding image, you can see that in the box model, we have the following four edges:

  • Content edge
  • Padding edge
  • Border edge
  • Margin edge

The width and height of the box are based on the following:

  • Width/height of content
  • Padding...

Floating elements

Floating boxes are the most used in modern layouts. The theory of floating boxes was used especially in grid systems and inline lists in CSS frameworks. For example, class and mixin inline lists (in the Zurb Foundation framework) are based on floats.

Possibilities of floating elements

Elements can be floated to the left and right side. Of course, there is a method to reset floats too. The possible values are as follows:

float: left; // will float element to left
float: right; // will float element to right
float: none; // will reset float 

Most known floating problems

When you are using floating elements, you can have some issues. The most known problems with floated elements are as follows:

  • Too big elements (because of width, margin left/right, padding left/right, and badly counted width, which is based on the box model)
  • Not cleared floats

All of these problems provide specific effects, which you can easily recognize and then fix.

Elements which are too big can be recognized when...

Display types

There are a few display types in CSS whose definition and behaviors are the foundation of frontend developers. The most known and basic display values are as follows:

  • Inline
  • Block
  • Inline-block
  • Table/table-cell
  • Flex (this will be described further in this book)

Block elements

Block elements always start from a new line. The most important properties of block elements are width and height, which can be changed from CSS code. For better understanding, let's check the following screenshot:

Block elements

It is easy to see that all the block elements are taking as much width as they can.

The mainly used HTML block-level elements are as follows:

  • address
  • article
  • aside
  • blockquote
  • canvas
  • div
  • footer
  • form
  • h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6
  • header
  • main
  • nav
  • ol
  • output
  • p
  • pre
  • section
  • table
  • ul
  • video

Inline elements

Inline elements can be described as elements that take as much space as they need. It can be best described using the following image:

Inline elements

The mainly used HTML inline-level elements are as follows:

  • acronym
  • cite
  • code
  • dfn
  • strong
  • samp
  • var
  • a
  • bdo
  • br
  • img...

CSS elements positioning

Understanding of positions in CSS is one of the key skills of frontend developers. It helps you to change the behavior of each element on a web page. Additionally, with a mix of positions, you can change the behavior of the inner (child) elements.

Static, relative, absolute, fixed – differences

The position static is a default value of the position, which includes every element on a web page.

The position relative is making an element relative to itself. You can easily understand it with the following code:

<p>
    Lorem
    <span> ipsum</span>
</p>

And create the SASS:

span
  position: relative
  top: -10px

What you should see before appending the styles is as shown in the following:

Static, relative, absolute, fixed – differences

In addition, after appending the styles you will see the following:

Static, relative, absolute, fixed – differences

As you can see, when we change the position to relative and move it with property top, left, right, or bottom, we will move the element from its current position.

Additionally, relatively positioned...

Summary

This chapter builds strong fundamentals for professional usage of CSS. You gathered the knowledge about the box model, positions, and floating elements. The next chapter is going to be a story about pseudoclasses.

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Key benefits

  • Explore the CSS files structures, add the right methodologies, and get a final product without any code chaos
  • Make your websites faster, more responsive, and more efficient using the minimum CSS code
  • Design better and more modern websites using the new features of CSS3

Description

CSS is the preferred technology to design modern web pages. Although CSS is often perceived as a simple language, applying modern styles to web pages with CSS and maintaining the code for larger websites can be quite tricky. We will take you right from understanding CSS to designing high-quality web pages in CSS3. We'll quickly take you through CSS3's features, and show you how to resolve common issues so you can build your basic framework. Finally, you will learn about code architecture and CSS methodologies used in scalable apps and you'll explore the various new features of CSS3, such as FlexBox, to help you create the most modern layout methodologies. By the end of the book, you will be a master at creating pure CSS web pages and will know sophisticated web design techniques, giving you an edge over other web designers.

Who is this book for?

This book is for web designers who wish to learn the best ways to work with CSS for web development.

What you will learn

  • Familiarize yourself with the concepts
  • of CSS and the SASS pre-processor
  • Get familiar with selectors to build better
  • CSS code
  • Gain knowledge on the common issues
  • with CSS and discover the solutions
  • Write scalable code using various CSS
  • methodologies and optimization techniques
  • Create a simple and reusable framework
  • based on SASS
  • Explore the various tools involved in CSS
  • code creation
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Publication date : May 31, 2016
Length: 362 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785880940
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ISBN-13 : 9781785880940
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Concepts :

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Table of Contents

15 Chapters
1. Foundations and Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Mastering of Fundamentals Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Mastering of Pseudoelements and Pseudoclasses Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Responsive Websites – Prepare Your Code for Specific Devices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Using Background Images in CSS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Styling Forms Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Resolving Classic Problems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Usage of Flexbox Transform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Calc, Gradients, and Shadows Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Don't Repeat Yourself – Let's Create a Simple CSS Framework Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Mailers Fundamentals Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Scalability and Modularity Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
13. Code Optimization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
14. Final Automatization and Processes Optimization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
(2 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 0%
3 star 50%
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1 star 50%
Mirco Santori Jun 13, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
I might have chose the wrong book as it doesn't reflect what I was looking for. This book is good if you need an overview about the CSS potential and the solid/basic in the case you intend to create your own framework. However, it doesn't help with proper html stilying nor provides a guide to enhance your element look&feel (forms,inputs,etc etc) for nowadays UI. I was definitely expecting something different and more content related to how to style an html component in order to have a decent and modern UI.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Kristjan Petrus Jun 13, 2017
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
Just an awful book. Essentially unstructured documentation with edge case tricks. I regretfully dragged my team through the first few chapters before dropping it for good. Filled with edge case examples with minimum explanation. For example, flex shorthand format is used in an example with zero explanation and before any mention of flex longhand format (flex-grow, flex-shrink, etc.).
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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