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Modern Computer Architecture and Organization – Second Edition

You're reading from   Modern Computer Architecture and Organization – Second Edition Learn x86, ARM, and RISC-V architectures and the design of smartphones, PCs, and cloud servers

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Product type Paperback
Published in May 2022
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781803234519
Length 666 pages
Edition 2nd Edition
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Author (1):
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Jim Ledin Jim Ledin
Author Profile Icon Jim Ledin
Jim Ledin
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Table of Contents (21) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Introducing Computer Architecture FREE CHAPTER 2. Digital Logic 3. Processor Elements 4. Computer System Components 5. Hardware-Software Interface 6. Specialized Computing Domains 7. Processor and Memory Architectures 8. Performance-Enhancing Techniques 9. Specialized Processor Extensions 10. Modern Processor Architectures and Instruction Sets 11. The RISC-V Architecture and Instruction Set 12. Processor Virtualization 13. Domain-Specific Computer Architectures 14. Cybersecurity and Confidential Computing Architectures 15. Blockchain and Bitcoin Mining Architectures 16. Self-Driving Vehicle Architectures 17. Quantum Computing and Other Future Directions in Computer Architectures 18. Other Books You May Enjoy
19. Index
Appendix

Bitcoin mining computer architectures

The SHA-256 algorithm is a well-defined sequence of steps that consists of simple Boolean operations performed repetitively on 32-bit data items. The algorithm does not require very much memory when operating on a small block (bitcoin block headers are always 80 bytes). This type of problem is ideal for performance optimization using a digital hardware design dedicated to this application.

The input to the mining algorithm is a candidate block header. The bitcoin block header contains the following data items:

  • Bitcoin version number (4 bytes): This field identifies the version of the bitcoin core software. The miner selects a version number that is compatible with the miner’s bitcoin software.
  • Previous block hash (32 bytes): The hash of the previous block in the blockchain. This value is retrieved from the bitcoin network as the hash of the current latest block in the blockchain.
  • Merkle root (32 bytes): This hash...
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