Basic R integration is available in almost all SQL Server editions, except the Express edition (unless it is Express with Advanced Services). This means that a standard SQL Server will support R services to the extent of using vanilla and native R code, but no advanced R integration or pushing computations to other computational contexts. The same logic will apply to SQL Server 2017 (at the time of writing), and editions and features are already made public at the following URL:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/editions-and-components-of-sql-server-2017
In terms of the operating system, many Microsoft OS versions (such as Windows Server 2012 and higher, Windows 8 and higher) are supported and, starting with SQL Server 2016 and higher, Linux is also supported. To have R Services running, a minimum of 1 GB is required, but 4 GB would be recommended...
