Chapter 9

1. Double-checked locking is a way to make the Singleton pattern work flawlessly in a multithreaded environment.
2. That's a way to make sure that the underlying data of the other stack won't get modified while we make a copy of it.
3. An atomic operation is an indivisible operation, and atomic types leverage lower-level mechanisms to ensure the independent and atomic execution of instructions.
4. load() and store() leverage low-level mechanisms to ensure that the write and read operations are done atomically.
5. Besides load() and store(), there are operations such as exchange(), wait(), and notify_one().