The task of the distributed ledger is to record the transactions that have been validly concluded within the clockchain in an unmodifiable way. Before being entered into the blockchain, transactions must therefore be validated.
Pending their validation, the transactions are saved within the transaction mempool, which represents a set of unconfirmed transactions. Each node has the task of managing its own mempool transaction, waiting for the transactions to be validated.
You can query the list of unconfirmed transactions currently present in the blockchain by visiting the following link: https://www.blockchain.com/btc/unconfirmed-transactions. Anyone with access to the blockchain is able to view transactions.
Now, let's see in more detail what a transaction is.