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Learn Linux Quickly

You're reading from   Learn Linux Quickly A beginner-friendly guide to getting up and running with the world's most powerful operating system

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Product type Paperback
Published in Aug 2020
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781800566002
Length 338 pages
Edition 1st Edition
Tools
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Author (1):
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Ahmed AlKabary Ahmed AlKabary
Author Profile Icon Ahmed AlKabary
Ahmed AlKabary
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Table of Contents (24) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Your First Keystrokes 2. Climbing the Tree FREE CHAPTER 3. Meet the Editors 4. Copying, Moving, and Deleting Files 5. Read Your Manuals! 6. Hard versus Soft Links 7. Who Is Root? 8. Controlling the Population 9. Piping and I/O Redirection 10. Analyzing and Manipulating Files 11. Let's Play Find and Seek 12. You Got a Package 13. Kill the Process 14. The Power of Sudo 15. What's Wrong with the Network? 16. Bash Scripting Is Fun 17. You Need a Cron Job 18. Archiving and Compressing Files 19. Create Your Own Commands 20. Everyone Needs Disk Space 21. echo "Goodbye My Friend" 22. Assessments 23. Other Books You May Enjoy

Parent and current directories

There are two special directories under every directory in the filesystem:

  1. Current working directory represented by one dot (.)
  2. Parent directory represented by two dots (..)
Figure 10: Visualizing Parent and Current Directories

It's easy to understand both directories by going through a few examples. To demonstrate, let's first change to /home/elliot so that it becomes our current working directory:

elliot@ubuntu-linux:~/Desktop$ cd /home/elliot 
elliot@ubuntu-linux:~$ pwd
/home/elliot

Now run the cd . command:

elliot@ubuntu-linux:~$ cd . 
elliot@ubuntu-linux:~$ pwd
/home/elliot

As you would expect, nothing happened! We are still at /home/elliot, and that is because one dot (.) represents the current working directory. It's like if you told someone, "Go where you are!"

Now run the cd .. command:

elliot@ubuntu-linux:~$ cd .. 
elliot@ubuntu-linux:/home$ pwd
/home

We moved back one directory! In other words, we changed to the parent directory of /home/elliot, which is /home.

Let's run another cd ..:

elliot@ubuntu-linux:/home$ cd .. 
elliot@ubuntu-linux:/$ pwd
/

Indeed we keep going back, and now we are at the root of our directory tree. Well, let's run cd .. one more time:

elliot@ubuntu-linux:/$ cd .. 
elliot@ubuntu-linux:/$ pwd
/

Hmmm, we are at the same directory! Our path didn't change, and that's because we are at the root of our directory tree already, so we can't go any further back. As a result, the root directory (/) is the only directory where the parent directory = current directory, and you can visualize it by looking at figure 10.

You can also insert the directory separator cd ../.. to move back two directories at once:

elliot@ubuntu-linux:~$ pwd
/home/elliot
elliot@ubuntu-linux:~$ cd ../..
elliot@ubuntu-linux:/$ pwd
/

You can also run cd ../../.. to move back three directories and so on.

You have been reading a chapter from
Learn Linux Quickly
Published in: Aug 2020
Publisher: Packt
ISBN-13: 9781800566002
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