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Python Deep Learning Cookbook

You're reading from   Python Deep Learning Cookbook Over 75 practical recipes on neural network modeling, reinforcement learning, and transfer learning using Python

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Product type Paperback
Published in Oct 2017
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781787125193
Length 330 pages
Edition 1st Edition
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Author (1):
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Indra den Bakker Indra den Bakker
Author Profile Icon Indra den Bakker
Indra den Bakker
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Toc

Table of Contents (15) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Programming Environments, GPU Computing, Cloud Solutions, and Deep Learning Frameworks FREE CHAPTER 2. Feed-Forward Neural Networks 3. Convolutional Neural Networks 4. Recurrent Neural Networks 5. Reinforcement Learning 6. Generative Adversarial Networks 7. Computer Vision 8. Natural Language Processing 9. Speech Recognition and Video Analysis 10. Time Series and Structured Data 11. Game Playing Agents and Robotics 12. Hyperparameter Selection, Tuning, and Neural Network Learning 13. Network Internals 14. Pretrained Models

Experimenting with different optimizers


The most popular and well optimizer is Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). This technique is widely used in other machine learning models as well. SGD is a to find minima or maxima by iteration. There are many popular variants of SGD that try to speed up convergence and less tuning by using an adaptive learning rate. The following table is an overview of the most commonly used optimizers in deep learning:

Optimizer

Hyperparameters

Comments

SGD

Learning rate, decay

+ Learning directly impacts performance (smaller learning rate avoids local minima)

- Requires more manual tuning

- Slow convergence

AdaGrad

Learning rate, epsilon, decay

+ Adaptive learning for all parameters (well suited for sparse data)

- Learning becomes too small and stops learning

AdaDelta

Learning rate, rho, epsilon, decay

+ Faster convergence at start

- Slows near minimum

Adam

Learning rate, beta 1, beta 2, epsilon, decay

+ Adaptive learning rate and momentum for all parameters

RMSprop

Learning rate...

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