Contrasting deep learning with machine learning

One key strength of deep learning not shared by other forms of ML is its ability to factor the way variables are related. For instance, if we think back to when we were first learning about animals, then we could imagine a simple task where we are given five images of cats and five images of dogs; later, when we were shown a new image, we would be able to determine whether it was a cat or dog using the patterns that we detected from the previous images that we studied. In our example, it was the images that were to be classified as either cats or dogs. We can consider this example as a training set, and will use the same terminology for the classification of images. Mentally, our brain tries to match the images with the patterns that form the features of these two different species so that we can differentiate between them....