Trees

A tree is a hierarchical, non-linear data structure that consists of nodes connected by edges. Trees are widely used in various applications, such as organizing data, databases, network structures, and more. A tree has a single root node and all other nodes are connected in a parent-child relationship. The tree structure ensures that there are no cycles, and each child has exactly one parent.

In this section, we will explore different types of trees, their properties, and how to represent trees and discuss two important types: binary search trees (BSTs) and red-black trees.

Different types of trees and their properties

Trees come in many types, each with unique characteristics suited for different applications. Here are some of the most common types:

• General tree: A general tree is a type of tree where any node can have an arbitrary number of children. This type of tree can be used to represent hierarchical data, such as filesystems or organization charts. Figure...