Basic R programming concepts

For novices starting with R, it is imperative to initially grasp the fundamental aspects of various data types and data structures you can use. Such an understanding is critical for conducting proficient data analysis and programming.

Data types in R

Following are the commonly-used data types in R:

• Numeric: Representing decimal or floating-point numbers, numeric is R’s default for numerical values. Assigning a value such as 4.5 or 10.2 in R automatically categorizes it as numeric.
• Integers: These are whole numbers, devoid of fractional components. To designate a number as an integer, one appends the L suffix, as in 4L.
• Characters: This data type is used for text or string values. Any sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, spaces, and symbols, enclosed in quotes (" ") is treated as character data.
• Logical (Boolean): The logical data type, often referred to as Boolean, represents binary values: TRUE...